I’ve not heard of this in a rifle barrel before.
This is the manufacturer.
http://www.blackholeweaponry.com/
The barrel is black melonite Stainless Steel.
It’s more of a Euro thing, and usually German. Hk produced rifles with polygonal barrels in the ‘70s and ‘80s.
I think I remember LaRue also uses some polygonal barrels on a few rifles.