Yes the shadows would be more sharp edged, and very noticeably so. You can get this effect here on earth if you’re in a glass lined hallway above a parking lot to the south ( in the northern hemisphere, ) and you get a bright windshield reflection from a car. The convex windshield will produce an angularly small sun, and you may even see edge diffraction if you look at a shadow closely.
“The amount of penumbra” is subject to interpretation. In general, an object which “just covers” the sun, as the moon does from earth, will have a similar effect in eclipse from a given viewing point, except that the eclipsed disc will be smaller in appearance.
... Good question! ... and excuse me for butting in.
... or during solar eclipses - just before totality. Shadows cast are much sharper, and those objects still illuminated by the tiny sliver of sun take on a granular texture, as though lit by laser light.
Excuse me for also "butting in."
Regards,
Thanks!