There is a concept called carrying capacity. A hunter-gatherer culture needs a lot of land per person in order to hunt/gather enough food. Once you reach the carrying capacity, the death rate from starvation rises to matches the birth rate.
When agriculture was invented, you could grow food for more people on a given amount of land. Innovations like irrigation, fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, etc increased the amount of usable food you could get from a given acre of land, and thus increased the carrying capacity.
Only problem with that hunter/gatherer stuff is that is not science but conjecture. There is little real evidence to back the claims of 100-200k year hunting/gathering. Also you must assume a very stupid hominoid that can hunt and gather but not deduce farming for a very great length of time.
Here’s a hint for you - it stops being science when their experiments can not replicate thousand let alone millions or billions of years - just pure conjecture with too many logical errors included to even bother counting.