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I don’t recall when the destruction layer was laid down; Egypt (contrary to the usual modern claims) hasn’t been a unified country for 5000 years or whatever. Pharaonic Egypt is usually divided into eight periods, PreDynastic, Old Kingdom, 1st Intermediate Period, Middle Kingdom, 2nd Intermediate Period, New Kingdom, and 3rd Intermediate Period. The Late Kingdom includes the Hellenistic Ptolemaic kingdom as well as Roman rule. (but see the provisos below)

The intermediate periods varied in length and were marked by either conquest, or internal divisions, or both. The third of the big Giza pyramids was built for Menkaure (grandson of Khufu) but his son and successor built a relatively modest mastaba elsewhere, and is grouped in the following dynasty as broken down by Manetho. Schismatic kingdoms appear to have been the rule rather than the exception, though there were periods of unity lasting the length of certain dynasties.

Khafre, builder of the second big Giza pyramid, succeeded his elder brother and possibly nephew, and that appears to have been some kind of coup. Thutmose IV left the Dream Stele between the paws of the Sphinx with his mystical supporting myth for having apparently seized the throne.

Anyway, provisos here:

http://www.varchive.org/ce/theses.htm
http://www.varchive.org/ce/hammurabi.html
http://www.varchive.org/ce/bethshan.htm
http://www.varchive.org/ce/joseph.htm
http://www.varchive.org/ce/baalbek/tarshish.htm
http://www.varchive.org/ce/baalbek/caphtor.htm
http://www.varchive.org/ce/assuruballit.htm
http://www.varchive.org/ce/baalbek/khazars.htm
http://www.varchive.org/tac/index.htm
http://www.varchive.org/dag/index.htm

Enjoy!