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Scally, A. & Durbin, R. Nature Rev. Genet. 13, 745–753 (2012).
Once every billion years? Less than 15 changes since the universe started?
I think someone is not communicating very well here. That rate, 1 in one billion years per nucleotide doesn’t make sense. Nucleotides are fairly unstable molecules, and multiple redundant repair mechanisms exist to make sure they are fixed when they need to be. Every cell in the body undergoes multiple DNA mutations every day.
I've never understood where pre-humans like Peking Man, and Java Man, and Neanderthals come from - according to evolutionary science.
Does the same Out-of-Africa theory prevail?
This breakthrough further substantiates the Biblical Creation story. Random-chance-anti-god-naturalist-atheists have long claimed (laughably if you know all the facts) that there is no “need” for a Creator God and that
random chance mutations over long periods of time can explain new species (again not true. Read about the Cambrian explosion about 535 million years ago. Almost every phyla in existence today appeared in the fossil record in a geological “instant” leaving paleontologists and theoreticians at a complete loss for an expatiation). The former theories were based on the belief that mutations were frequent (1 mutation per nucleotide base letter per billion years) and if you compound those mutations for 3ish billion (in humans) base pairs over enough years, you get your new species. WELL, the old theory couldn’t explain rapid speciation events, and NOW this new finding shows that DNA is TWICE as resistant to change as we previously believed. That renders it just about a complete impossibility that any new species can be explained through mutation and gradualism. Praise GOD!
