I only missed the Puritan's one. I was going to put the sinful thing in, but then figured it might be a trick question.
I'll have to see how my kids do on this!
On the Puritan one, remember the Puritans were Protestants and held to Reformed theology. Many came from England, where after the reign of Queen Mary (Catholic) (Bloody Mary) many of the Anglican Church were charged with heresy and burned at the stake. Queen Elizabeth, who followed circa 1559, was Protestant in upbringing, but still had many questions on theology. Her primary concern was ending the bloodshed between Christian denominations. The Church of England then adopted an Reformed theology, an Episcopal ecclesiology, and retained Roman Ritual in worship ceremony.
The Puritans didn’t believe this went far enough. In order to preach in the Anglican Church, the pastor had to be licensed by the Bishop (Episcopal ecclesiology). They sought to “PURIFY” the Church of all Roman Ritual. When this was denied them, many sought to establish colonies elsewhere, first in the Netherlands, then to Virginia, but were blown off course landing at Plymouth Rock.
So “Puritans” aren’t some group of dour do-gooders, but instead sought freedom of speech and religion to “PURIFY” their worship of God from all Roman Ritual.
The Puritans themselves were split between non-separatists and Separatists, who removed themselves from the Anglican Church. Later, Separatists would also divide in Presbyterian and Baptists. (Not to mention Dunkers, Forward Dunkers and three times backwards Dunkers....)
Foxe’s Book of Martyrs was written by Anglicans who were Protestant in theology, but had been thrown out of power during the reign of Bloody Mary. It was used to document the antiChristian slaughter of believers by the RCC when Queen Mary placed the Church of England back under their power. When Queen Elizabeth came to the throne in 1559, several years later, the Book of Martyrs was published, followed by the persecution of the Huguenots in France by the RCC for 30-100 years.
In summary, the Puritans were essentially Reformed English Protestants, Calvinist in theology, who sought to live by the laws of God and the laws of man, but believed the Church needed to be purged of all Roman Ritual.
For some further study of Church History, here is a fairly well written article from a Baptist perspective.
http://www.swbts.edu/resources/swbts//From_Christological_Ecclesiology_to_Functional_Ecclesiasticism.pdf and upstream to form Rhode Island. About the time of the