There is a limit to how large a city can grow, since its survival is entirely dependent on the existence of farms for food.
An increasing amount of our food is being imported. There is much land in the world that can be farmed that is underutilized.
A significant problem is that bases develop into farming regions and then into cities, these often were among the most stable and suitable areas for farming. Expansion of the population base from a farm to village to town to city takes the best land out of production. This forces additional technological changes to that will expand farming into areas that are less suitable.
It’s likely that at some point Africa will be a major food producer for the world. I am aware that several multinational seed companies like to keep their finger on the pulse of agriculture in that continent. It is a major growth opportunity for agricultural technology.
You really can't get much further away from this place than India ~ so how are cities limited in these modern times?