Re Neanderthals more than likely diabetic. This does not make sense, as their diet probably had relatively little carbohydrate in it, being mostly meat based. Thus diabetes would not likely get expressed.
A semantic thing. It’s not like diabetes is a disease ~ it’s a genetic condition. You got it or you don’t. Folks with an all meat diet with little more to eat than lingonberries and moss probably keep their blood sugar quite in balance by producing exactly what they need.