Most of the similarities you are citing are in the Virginia Plan, from which the constitution was mostly constructed, and of which Hamilton had a copy when he wrote his British Plan
From the link I sent you.
Soon after his speech, Hamilton left the Convention, only to return later. Outvoted by his fellow New Yorkers at every turn, he grew frustrated. But when he did return, he sat on the influential Committee of Style, which presented the Convention with the Constitution in nearly the form we know today. Aside from his work on this committee, for which Gouvernour Morris's work is more renowned, Hamilton had very little effect [on] the outcome. However, in the struggle for ratification, Hamilton became a champion of the new Constitution, and was one of the main contributors to the Federalist Papers.
His 'fellow New Yorkers' were both anti-Federalists appointed by Governor Clinton specifically to frustrate the convention and outvote Hamilton.