........................................................................................ A generation ship is a hypothetical type of interstellar ark starship that travels across great distances between stars at a speed much slower than that of light. Since such a ship might take from decades to tens or hundreds of thousands of years to reach nearby stars, the original occupants of a generation ship grow old and die, leaving their descendants to continue traveling, depending on the life span of its inhabitants and relativistic effects of time dilation.......
..................................................................................................................... Project Orion was the first engineering design study of a spacecraft powered by nuclear pulse propulsion, an idea proposed first by Stanisław Ulam during 1947. The project, initiated in 1958, envisioned the explosion of atomic bombs behind the craft and was led by Ted Taylor at General Atomics and physicist Freeman Dyson, who at Taylor's request took a year away from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton to work on the project. By using energetic nuclear power, the Orion concept offered high thrust and specific impulse at the same time; the optimum combination for spacecraft propulsion. As a qualitative comparison, traditional chemical rockets (the Moon-class Saturn V or the Space Shuttle being prime examples) provide (rather) high thrust, but low specific impulse, whereas ion engines do the opposite. Orion would have offered performance greater than the most advanced conventional or nuclear rocket engines now being studied. Cheap interplanetary travel was the goal of the Orion Project. Its supporters felt that it had potential for space travel, but it lost political approval over concerns with fallout from its propulsion.[1] The Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963 is generally acknowledged to have ended the project. Ion thrusters use beams of ions (electrically charged atoms or molecules) to create thrust in accordance with Newton's third law. The method of accelerating the ions varies, but all designs take advantage of the charge/mass ratio of the ions. This ratio means that relatively small potential differences can create very high exhaust velocities. This reduces the amount of reaction mass or fuel required, but increases the amount of specific power required compared to chemical rockets. Ion thrusters are therefore able to achieve extremely high specific impulses. The drawback of the low thrust is low spacecraft acceleration because the mass of current electric power units is directly correlated with the amount of power given. This low thrust makes ion thrusters unsuited for launching spacecraft into orbit, but they are ideal for in-space propulsion applications......
.................................................................. ION thrusters have been designed and they all generally fit under two categories. The thrusters are categorized as either electrostatic or electromagnetic. The main difference is how the ions are accelerated. Electrostatic ion thrusters use the Coulomb force and are categorized as accelerating the ions in the direction of the electric field. Electromagnetic ion thrusters use the Lorentz force to accelerate the ions. [edit] Electrostatic ion thrusters
Moron, indeed...
My point was that humans (or anything they build) cannot go to stars. It’s just too darn hot there! (Hint: Sun is a star, and like Sun, all stars are incredibly hot thermonuclear reactors.) Are you going to volunteer for the first manned mission to Sun? Good luck with that!