Europe's first farmers replaced their Stone Age hunter-gatherer forerunners

Point # 1 - I never said “farmers” were inartistic or stupid - far from it.

Point # 2 - Those cave paintings were made by NUNTERS, not farmers. Also, not inartistic OR stupid.

Point # 3 - I am not black, I’m Caucasian, despite the name I use

"They may not have gotten as far as Britain, but one theory I’ve seen is that farmers from the Black Sea region migrated up the Danube valley after the Bosporus dam broke and flooded the region around the Sea. Same theory that others pushed east, ultimately to Tocharia. The time frame would seem to fit with this paper."

I like this idea too. (Also,spreads Indo-European language) However, Oppenheimer's DNA studies (mostly) doesn't support it.

"How do you explain the differences in the DNA found here - or is this just a flawed study?"

Maybe flawed memory?

I'll re-read chapter #5 in The Origins Of The British, titled: Invasion Of The Farmers: The Neolithic And The Metal Age.

What I am saying is that there were “Modern” humans in Europe thousands of years before the population sampled here. Some of them may have been farmers also, but did not contribute to the gene pool of “modern Europeans” who arrived after the last great ice sheet melt off.

Does that make sense?

The Tocharians were probably descendants of people who’d been there for a long while (see that recent topic about the Tarim basin mummies). Their language was fortuitously preserved in written form; it’s not too far gone to think that there were plenty of others in Central Asia which were not preserved, or some which may yet be found. Tocharian (A & B) is extinct, and seems to be alone on its branch — based on what has survived. Seems likely that there were a bunch of other twigs.

But yeah, the Danube farmers coming out of the flooding Black Sea basin (inundation took perhaps 50 years) is theorized by Ryan and Pitman.

One wonders what kind of a world we would live in if the original Europeans had driven the IndoEuropeans back to Carpathia?

Until the cessation of WWII and the Cold War, the invasion and colonization of Europe by waves of ethnic groups from Central Asia and/or the Far East had never been stopped. :') So I'd quibble with that 'what-if' because whomever was in Europe just before the Indo-Europeans were probably not the original Europeans. :') The commonly held view is that an isolate probably indicates that its speakers either are the sole survivors of a much larger group which was there first but the rest of them were overwhelmed or absorbed by the now-dominant groups; or, that an isolate represents a later introduction from some unrelated group. A commonly referenced example of the former would be the Basque, while an example of the latter would be Malagasy, the 'native' language of Madagascar, which is a language right out of Borneo. OTOH...

America B.C.
by Barry Fell
(1976)
find it in a nearby library
A fascinating letter I received from a Shoshone Indian who had been traveling in the Basque country of Spain tells of his recognition of Shoshone words over there, including his own name, whose Shoshone meaning proved to match the meaning attached to a similar word by the modern Basques. Unfortunately I mislaid this interesting letter. If the Shoshone scholar who wrote to me should chance to see these words I hope he will forgive me and contact me again. The modern Basque settlers of Idaho may perhaps bring forth a linguist to investigate matters raised in this chapter. [p 173]

HI Zulu-— I do not believe any secular anthropologist can ever really know who replaced who.

IN fact the first humans were neither nor—they were fortunate enough to find a baaket of foodstuffs at their doorstep courtesy of the Lord.

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