https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/technical/2018/6/tech-tuesday—2019-f1-rules-spice-up-racing.html
TECH TUESDAY: Examining the 2019 F1 rule changes to boost overtaking
12 Jun 2018
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Closer racing and more overtaking – these were the key targets as rule changes for the 2019 season were announced. In a video produced by our tech team of Giorgio Piola and Mark Hughes, we explain the major revisions aimed at spicing up the racing in 2019…
Unity amongst all parties is not always forthcoming in a sport as competitive as Formula 1, but when it comes to future regulations, everyone from the fans, to the FIA, to F1, to the teams and drivers is united in a belief that delivering closer competition and more passing must be priorities.
These considerations are a key factor as the FIA, in collaboration with a Pat Symonds-led aero team at F1, continue work on shaping the technical regulations for 2021. But we don’t have to wait another three years to see the first fruits of that research. In fact, the initial developments will arrive much sooner, with a number of significant aero changes being introduced next season to spice up the racing.
These are shown in detail in the video above, but in summary the changes are:
A simplified front wing with standardised endplates, tweaked dimensions and no upper flaps. This will encourage aerodynamicists to direct more of the flow to the underbody (where it is less sensitive to the disturbed wake of the car in front) than the outer body
The deletion of the upper flaps at the outer ends of the wing will make it impossible to create the vortices that are generated by the current, highly complex endplates to enhance the outer-body aerodynamics. This will further encourage the so-called ‘inwash’ aero philosophy of directing airflow to the underbody, rather than the current emphasis on ‘outwash,’ which is highly sensitive to the air from the car ahead and therefore makes it harder for cars to follow one another closely
Tweaks to the front wing’s dimensions and the limiting of under-wing strakes to two each side to further discourage outwash aerodynamics
Winglets mounted on the brake ducts currently play a part in directing the flow to the outer part of the body. These are banned from 2019, as are blown axles, which currently use air directed out of the centre of the wheel at high speed to energise the flow down the outer surfaces of the bodywork further back
Barge boards are lowered by 150mm (to make them less powerful in directing the airflow) and moved forwards by 100mm to make them less sensitive to the airflow being disturbed from the car in front
The rear wing endplates will no longer be permitted to have horizontal gills. These equalize the pressure between the inner and outer faces of the endplate to give a faster flow over the top of the wing for more downforce, but they introduce an extra disturbance to the wake, which worsens the performance of the car behind
The DRS opening will be increased from 65mm to 85mm. Together with an increase in width and height of the wing, this will make the DRS around 25-30% more powerful so as to allow it to be effective on those circuits with too short a straight for the current system. The FIA will also review the length of DRS zones at every circuit in order to maximise the effect of the changes
The increased height of the wing will take the ‘rooster tail’ wake coming off the back of it higher into the air than currently. More of the energy from that wake will be diffused into the free air around it before it returns to the level where it will be affecting the following car
If F1 wants to increase overpass opportunities, they should try a different method of activating DRS.
The first method could be instead of having to be within 1 second of the lead car at the speed trap to enable DRS, go to the Indy car Push To Pass method and give each team a total of 30 seconds, 45 seconds, or a predetermined amount of time appropriate for each track of DRS activation time that can be used at any time.
Then each driver and team can decide when to use DRS to overtake or defend an overtake. This will also allow cars farther back to make up time to catch the leader.
A less radical approach would be to simply raise the gap limit to activate DRS. Instead of a 1 second gap, make it a 2, 3, or 4 second gap.