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Drying Fruit: Easy Steps on How to Dry Fruit in the Sun and Oven

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Drying fruit instructions for solar drying and oven drying, plus plans to build your own fruit dryer.

INTRODUCTION:

Drying food to keep for later use is one of the oldest and most simple ways of preserving food. So when you have a glut of your fruit this season think about drying them as well as bottling and making jams and jellies. Dried fruit can easily be reconstituted with boiling water and left to stand overnight. In the morning they can then be stewed and served with yogurt for breakfast, or you can dry your fruit for trails and camping. The only downside to drying fruit is that you can really only dry small quantities at a time.

WHAT YOU WILL NEED FOR DRYING FRUIT:

Drying Trays: A slatted wooden tray or some non-ferrous cake racks are suitable. If you are drying the fruit in the oven, the oven shelves can be used.

Cloth: A few pieces of muslin or cheesecloth will be needed to come between the fruit and the trays. The more open-weaved the cloth is, the better it is for air-circulation to occur.

Heat and Air: The fruit will need to be dried in hot, well-ventilated conditions. If this does not occur you run the risk of you fruit spoiling with mould.

SOLAR FRUIT DRYING:

Of course the sun is what our ancestors used before modern conveniences and it works well as long as you take some things into consideration. Firstly, make sure that your fruit is covered with muslin or cheesecloth so that you don’t have flies laying their eggs in the fruit. Secondly, you should only dry the fruit on sunny days, that don’t have a chance of a downpour of rain. Summer is by far the best time of year to do this. Lastly, always bring your fruit inside at night, and replace it outside in the morning.

DRYING FRUIT IN AN OVEN:

You can use your oven to dry fruit. Most types of ovens are fine for fruit drying; electric, solid-fuel or gas. The optimum temperature you should be aiming for is between 49°C (120°F) and 66°C (150°F). With such a wide temperature available, most fruit drying ends successfully.

DRYING FRUIT: PREPARATION OF VARIOUS FRUITS

To prepare stone fruit for drying, such as peaches and apricots they must be cut in half and then remove the stones. Lie them down, cut side up on the trays, being careful that they are not touching to allow adequate circulation.

Figs are not cut, but left whole. Place them bottoms down on the trays. They can be flattened with the palm of one’s hand as they start to dry, pressing them flat from the centre down.

Grapes can be dried either on the bunch or off, depending on what taste you want to achieve. If you remove all the grapes from the stalks you will end up with raisins or sultanas that are slightly more dry than those you can buy commercially.

If you leave the grapes on the stalks and dry them on the bunches, you will end up with a very yummy grape that is almost alcoholic in taste.

With apples they need to be peeled and cored, and then sliced into rings. Don’t worry about your apple rings turning brown. This is perfectly normal and is only a visual problem, not a problem with the drying process. The only reason why you see snow-white apple rings in commercial sales is because they have been heavily doused with sulphur-dioxide.

METHOD OF FRUIT DRYING:

Make sure that you only use the best fruit that has been tree-ripened. Discard any fruit that has been eaten or stung by insects. Any fruit that is overripe will not dry successfully.

Make sure that all drying racks are covered with your cloth of choice and place your fruit in a single layer, without touching on the racks. Cover again with your cloth if you are putting them outside.

If you are placing them in the oven, place on a single layer, without touching on your oven racks, without the cloth of course! Set your oven on its lowest setting.

It is quite possible that your fruit will take as long as 6 hours to dry if you are doing apples, and longer if you are doing apricots or peaches, even up to 24 hours for peaches. But if you are doing something small, like grapes, they won’t take very long at all. Leave the door open slightly if you can’t get the temperature down.

DRYING FRUIT & WHAT CAN GO WRONG:

Remember you want to dry your fruit, not cook them!

This is something to remember, even if you are drying fruit in the sun. If you expose the fruit to direct sunlight, they will cook, turn a dark colour and be quite ‘jammy’ in taste. Therefore any fruit dried outside should be shaded for best results.

This can be achieved with either a purpose-built dryer or you can modify a bookcase for your drying needs. We have plans for a food dryer here. Fruit Dryer Plans.

Allowing for plenty of air-circulation is important. If not, you will end up with mould on your fruit which will then have to be thrown away.

Finally, look out for insects and ants. Insects can lay eggs in the fruit while it is drying which will result in worms hatching at a later stage.

You can sort the ant problem out more readily by placing the legs of your dryer in containers of water on all four sides. Ants can’t swim and water will make it impossible for them to crawl to your fruit.

DRYING FRUIT: HOW DO I KNOW WHEN IT IS READY?

Slow fruit drying really is important for a good result, so don’t rush things. It can take days before your fruit dries, it really depends on the type of fruit you are drying and the water content of each. Some dry faster than others. So when you are drying it is best to place the same type of fruit on each rack, rather than mixing different types of fruit together.

You will know when you fruit is ready when most of the moisture has been removed. If you remove your fruit too early, it will spoil. Once you are happy with the state of your fruit let it cool down for several hours before storing it.

STORING YOUR DRYING FRUIT:

You can store your fruit in brown paper bags with the top loosely folded over. This allows the fruit to store without spoiling. You can also place them dark jar, stored in a dark place, but the lids should be loose, not tight. If you do place them in air-tight containers then the fruit has to be eaten fairly quickly.