Exactly. And those not rigidlly specified ways involve calculations.
can be targeted to specific locations by the presence of particular signals in the DNA or by activation of transcription.
Let’s cut to the chase. There are lots of unanswered questions in biology. If you are a follower of Shapiro, more power to you.
But you never seem to bring to the surface the fact that Shapiro is a mainstream biologist who has nothing in common with Young Earth Creationism, with Dembski’s Front Loading, or with any interpretation of biological evidence that requires supernatural intervention. There has been in psychology, for over 50 years, an interpretation of “intelligence” that considers it commensurate with biological evolution.
Shapiro gave Behe’s Black Box a devastating review, and the review is widely quoted on creationist websites as being critical of evolution. But they don’t quote the opening or closing comments in the review:
“Into this recurring intellectual revolution arrives Professor Michael J. Behe with the claim that random genetic change, natural selection, and gradual evolution must move aside in favor of intelligent design as an explanatory paradigm for biological adaptations. Is this book a serious critique of orthodox evolutionary theory? Or is it a misguided attempt to bring religion back into biology? Unfortunately, the answer to both questions is yes.”
...
“We need only think of the many applications of hybrid concepts like neural networks and genetic algorithms to realize the enormous potential of the interface between information science and biology. Exploring this interface, science is about to enter a period as exciting and transforming as the physics of the early twentieth century. Sadly, despite its valuable critique of an all-too-often unchallenged orthodoxy, Darwin’s Black Box fails to capture the true excitement of contemporary biology because it is fighting the battles of the past rather than seeing the vision of the future.”