I've been wondering about that. It's been said that cats don't have color vision.
It's possible that this retinal reflectance offers the possibility of distinguishing colors, but that mainly they don't pay attention to colors.
Setting up a research program should be easy enough: Make a maze with transposible colored doors, and set it up so that only a certain color will yield the prize. Produce a chart of tries and errors.
After learning which color yields the prize, the cat should be able to navigate a new mix without error, if it can distinguish colors.
High School Science Project, anyone?
Cats can see color, just not as well as we do.
Tradeoff with being able to see in the dark better than we do.
Trouble is, cats don’t care about what color something is, their concern is whether or not what they see tastes good, will feed them, or will serve their whims.