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Gods, Graves, Glyphs
Weekly Digest #333
Saturday, December 04, 2010

Censers & Sensors

 Coca leaves first chewed 8,000 years ago, says research

· 12/01/2010 6:51:18 PM PST ·
· Posted by decimon ·
· 19 replies ·
· BBC ·
· December 1, 2010 ·

Peruvian foraging societies were already chewing coca leaves 8,000 years ago, archaeological evidence has shown. Ruins beneath house floors in the northwestern Peru showed evidence of chewed coca and calcium-rich rocks. Such rocks would have been burned to create lime, chewed with coca to release more of its active chemicals. Writing in the journal Antiquity, an international team said the discovery pushed back the first known coca use by at least 3,000 years. Coca leaves contain a range of chemical compounds known as alkaloids. In modern times, the most notable among them is cocaine, extracted and purified by complex chemical...

Agriculture...

 Farmers slowed down by hunter-gatherers:
  Our ancestors' fight for space


· 12/03/2010 4:23:39 AM PST ·
· Posted by decimon ·
· 14 replies ·
· Institute of Physics ·
· December 3, 2010 ·
· Unknown ·

Agricultural -- or Neolithic -- economics replaced the Mesolithic social model of hunter-gathering in the Near East about 10,000 years ago. One of the most important socioeconomic changes in human history, this socioeconomic shift, known as the Neolithic transition, spread gradually across Europe until it slowed down when more northern latitudes were reached. Research published today, Friday, 3 December 2010, in New Journal of Physics (co-owned by the Institute of Physics and the German Physical Society), details a physical model, which can potentially explain how the spreading of Neolithic farmers was slowed down by the population density of hunter-gatherers. The...

... & Animal Husbandry

 Ancient Lambayeque civilizations domesticated cats 3500 years ago

· 11/30/2010 4:17:10 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 15 replies ·
· en Peru ·
· November 24, 2010 ·
· Stuart Starrs et al ·

Recent finds at the Ventarrón archaeological site have revealed some of the oldest examples of ancient Peruvian domestication of animals. The Ventarrón site, belonging to one of the oldest civilizations in the Americas, has already given up a number of amazing discoveries. This latest gives us a look at early animal domestication. Work at the site, under the leadership of Ignacio Alva, son of famous Peruvian archaeologist Walter Alva, has revealed a huge collection of animal bones, mostly felines from the Peruvian Amazon on the other side of the Andes mountains. With such a large number of bones, the archaeologists...

Thoroughly Modern Miscellany

 Tribes angry, Everglades projects halt after
  workers dig up major burial ground but don't tell


· 11/26/2010 9:15:31 PM PST ·
· Posted by ApplegateRanch ·
· 54 replies ·
· The Palm Beach Post ·
· Nov. 25, 2010 ·
· Christine Stapleton ·

In May 2008, archaeologists began the tedious task of exhuming the remains of Native Americans at a remote site south of Lake Okeechobee and reburying them at another remote site, to make way for a man-made wetland needed to restore the Everglades. [snip] But the more the archaeologists dug, the more they found. After nearly two years, the tribes learned that what they'd been told were some teeth and bones turned out to be partial remains of 56 men, women and children moved from an ancient burial ground so significant that it would have been eligible for listing on the...

PreColumbian, Clovis, & PreClovis

 Cahokia's Woodhenge: a surprising implication

· 11/29/2010 8:19:23 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 32 replies ·
· Examiner.com ·
· Friday, November 26th, 2010 ·
· Richard Thornton ·

Today we travel to southern Illinois, where just across the Mississippi River is located the Cahokia Archaeological Zone. Cahokia was the largest known Native American city north of Mexico. At its peak population around 1250 AD, it was larger that London, England. Of course, Cahokia was not its real name. No one knows its real name. Unlike the ancient towns in the Southeast, where direct descendants of the original occupants still live, no one even knows yet what happened to the population of Cahokia, after it was abandoned. There was an indigenous village in the vicinity of Cahokia as early...

Megaliths & Archaeoastronomy

 Standing stone cup marks may represent star constellations

· 11/29/2010 8:11:46 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 17 replies ·
· Past Horizons ·
· Sunday, November 28, 2010 ·
· George Nash ·

A recent excavation programme at a standing stone known as Trefael, near Newport in southwest Wales has revealed at least two unique episodes in its early history; firstly as a portal dolmen and secondly as a standing stone, probably used as a ritual marker to guide communities through a sacred landscape. This solitary stone, standing in a wind-swept field has been designated a Scheduled Monument and has over 75 cupmarks gouged onto its upper surface. Following the complete exposure of the capstone through excavation, it is now considered by several astronomers that the distribution of the cupmarks may represent a...

Star of the East

 Did You Know About the Relics of the Three Wise Men?

· 01/04/2010 10:43:57 AM PST ·
· Posted by GonzoII ·
· 90 replies · 1,881+ views ·
· cantuar.blogspot.com ·
· Sunday, January 03, 2010 ·
· Taylor Marshall ·

When I was in college, I journeyed to Cologne, Germany and visited the city's glorious cathedral. I was a Protestant at the time, but I remember being amazed that people had been building this cathedral for so many centuries. It is one of the greatest Gothic churches of all time.


 An Astronomer's Explanation For The Star Of Bethlehem

· 12/25/2008 9:15:43 AM PST ·
· Posted by CE2949BB ·
· 42 replies · 2,376+ views ·
· Scientific Blogging ·
· December 25th 2008 ·

According to the Bible, when Jesus was born three Magi saw a star in the East that signaled the birth of a new king. But just what was it, from an astronomical point or view, that the Magi actually saw? Fred Grosse, a professor of physics and astronomy at Susquehanna University in Selinsgrove, Pa., says there are several popular theories that may answer this question.


 Star of Bethlehem

· 12/24/2007 7:41:21 PM PST ·
· Posted by ZULU ·
· 12 replies · 118+ views ·
· Michael R. Molnar ·
· 1997 ·
· Michael R. Molnar ·

Could the purchase of an ancient coin have led to an important clue about the Star of Bethlehem? The above illustration is a Roman coin from Antioch, Syria which shows the zodiacal sign, Aries the Ram. In trying to understand the meaning behind this coin, I found that Aries was the sign of the Jews. Realizing that this is where ancient stargazers would have watched for the Star of Bethlehem, I embarked on searching for the celestial event that signified the birth of the Messiah in Judea. Superposed on the photograph of the coin is what I found: Jupiter underwent...


 Three wise men leading us astray?

· 12/20/2007 1:14:02 PM PST ·
· Posted by Sub-Driver ·
· 27 replies · 411+ views ·
· The Australian ·

Could the devil be in the detail of the Christmas story? That's what the leader of the world's Anglicans, Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams, has implied in a BBC interview. The story of the three wise men following the star to Bethlehem is a legend -- stars don't behave like that, he said -- it is unlikely Jesus was born in December and you can take or leave the virgin birth. He says he believes in it but that's not a pre-condition for...


 Date Of The Birth Of Christ (The Star that Astonished the World)

· 12/15/2007 6:05:34 AM PST ·
· Posted by NYer ·
· 22 replies · 231+ views ·
· EWTN ·
· E. L. Martin ·

(Summarized from E. L. Martin, "The Star that Astonished the World," ASK Publications, Box 25000, Portland Or. 1991) The date of the birth of Christ hinges on just one thing, the statement of Josephus (Antiquities 17.6-8) that Herod died shortly after an eclipse of the moon. Astronomers supply the dates for such eclipses around those years: None in 7 or 6 BC. In 5 BC, March 23, 29 days to Passover. Also in 5 BC. Sept. 15,7 months to Passover. In 4 B.C. March 13, 29 days to Passover. 3 and 2 B.C. no eclipses. In 1 BC. January...


 The Star of Bethlehem [Bristol Astronomical Society]

· 12/19/2006 9:31:25 AM PST ·
· Posted by Alex Murphy ·
· 7 replies · 442+ views ·
· Bath Royal Literary & Scientific ·
· Rod Jenkins ·

The Star of Bethlehem Meeting chaired by Richard Phillips Rod Jenkins Bristol Astronomical Society 7 January 2005 This talk was originally scheduled for 3 December 2004 -- just before the speaker's paper was published in the Journal of the British Astronomical Association vol. 114 No. 6. A full account with references appears in that publication on pp. 336-341. According to Giotto, the Star of Bethlehem is shown in his painting The Adoration of the Magi as a comet -- presumably Halley's as it appeared during his lifetime. For this reason the space probe sent to study Halley's comet in 1986...


 The Christmas Star [re-post]

· 11/30/2006 7:59:42 AM PST ·
· Posted by truthfinder9 ·
· 4 replies · 681+ views ·
· Reasons.org ·
· Dr. Hugh Ross ·

For centuries scholars and laymen alike have speculated on the nature of the star that led the wise men from the east to seek out the Messiah that had come to the Jews. The only reliable account of this event is found in Matthew 2 of the Bible. Three controversial questions arise out of a study of this text: 1. Were the wise men led by astrology? Some people have used the story of the advent of Jesus Christ, specifically the Matthew 2 portion, to suggest that astrology might be okay, at least...


 Seeing and believing in the Star of Bethlehem

· 12/29/2005 4:21:23 PM PST ·
· Posted by NYer ·
· 26 replies · 1,043+ views ·
· Explorer ·
· December 29, 2005 ·
· Renee Schafer Horton ·

Dec. 28, 2005 -- "... during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east came to Jerusalem and asked, 'Where is the one who has been born king of the Jews? We saw his star in the east and have come to worship him.'" -- Matthew 2:1-2 They are requisite figures in every nativity scene: Three elegantly dressed exotic men, camels in tow, weighed down with gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh. They are always a few steps removed, seeming to defer to the farm animals surrounding the young mother and her newborn. Accuracy is not a hallmark...


 Why December 25?
  The origin of Christmas had nothing to do with paganism


· 12/07/2005 2:36:38 PM PST ·
· Posted by Charles Henrickson ·
· 408 replies · 6,651+ views ·
· WORLD Magazine ·
· Dec 10, 2005 ·
· Gene Edward Veith ·

According to conventional wisdom, Christmas had its origin in a pagan winter solstice festival, which the church co-opted to promote the new religion. In doing so, many of the old pagan customs crept into the Christian celebration. But this view is apparently a historical myth -- like the stories of a church council debating how many angels can dance on the head of a pin, or that medieval folks believed the earth is flat -- often repeated, even in classrooms, but not true. William J. Tighe, a history professor at Muhlenberg College, gives a different account in his article "Calculating Christmas," published in the...


 What Was The Star?

· 12/23/2004 11:21:04 AM PST ·
· Posted by GLDNGUN ·
· 61 replies · 1,601+ views ·
· BethlehemStar.net ·

Scholars debate whether the Star of Bethlehem is a legend manufactured by the early church or a miracle which marked the advent of Christ. But if the Star was a real astronomical event, what could it have been? It's an astronomical mystery. A strange star is claimed to have appeared at the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. This site is an investigation of the story found in the Biblical Gospel of Matthew, a story often called the 'Star of Bethlehem.' It brings the words of Roman and Jewish historians alongside the visions of ancient prophets. It mixes "modern" mathematicians with...


 Should Christians be celebrating Christmas at all?

· 12/06/2004 4:59:08 PM PST ·
· Posted by Perdogg ·
· 31 replies · 532+ views ·
· 12/06/04 ·
· Perdogg ·

I am a Christian, I believe in Christ. However, why do Christians knowing that Christ was born in the summer time (northern Hemisphere, celebrate Christmas in December? I know that December 25th was a holiday during the Roman Empire. It would make sense if some astronomer could calculate when Christ was born. Also, I am sure other religions have records on when the astological event took place when Christ was Born. I think that God intended Christmas to be treated somewhat differently than Easter. For some reason it seems in the telling of the birth of Christ, there is a...


 Were the Magi who visited Jesus -- Persian?

· 12/23/2003 10:55:46 PM PST ·
· Posted by freedom44 ·
· 38 replies · 4,391+ views ·
· Christian Farsinet ·
· 12/23/03 ·
· Christian Farsinet ·

Magi (Majusian) From old Persian language, a priest of Zarathustra (Zoroaster). The Bible gives us the direction, East and the legend states that the wise men were from Persia (Iran) -- Balthasar, Melchior, Caspar -- thus being priests of Zarathustra religion, the mages. Obviously the pilgrimage had some religious significance for these men, otherwise they would not have taken the trouble and risk of travelling so far. But what was it? An astrological phenomenon, the Star? Church of Nativity in Bethlehem, was erected in 329 by Queen Helena in the area it was believed to be where Jesus was born....


 The Christmas Star

· 12/04/2003 8:11:10 AM PST ·
· Posted by truthfinder9 ·
· 1 replies · 84+ views ·
· Reasons.org ·
· 12/02/2003 ·
· Dr. Hugh Ross ·

For centuries scholars and laymen alike have speculated on the nature of the star that led the wise men from the east to seek out the Messiah that had come to the Jews. The only reliable account of this event is found in Matthew 2 of the Bible. Three controversial questions arise out of a study of this text...

Epigraphy & Language

 A case of Slander, Lies and the Dead Sea Scrolls

· 11/30/2010 8:59:07 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 35 replies ·
· Archaeology News ·
· Wednesday, November 24, 2010 ·
· Jewish Journal ·

...Using sophisticated computer programs, Cargill built what he described as "a fully reconstructed, three-dimensional, real time, interactive model of Khirbet Qumran." Taking the building's excavated remains as a blueprint, the model "visualized" that the structure was originally designed as a fortress, then abandoned, and later expanded and repurposed by a group... According to the model, the new inhabitants built an elaborate water system, as well as a scriptorium, where the scrolls were written. The building was destroyed in 70 C.E., or shortly thereafter, by the conquering Roman legions, a view now widely accepted... In early 2007, Cargill was nearing completion...

Facts on the Ground

 Chemists help archaeologists to probe biblical history

· 12/01/2010 1:45:37 AM PST ·
· Posted by 2ndDivisionVet ·
· 8 replies ·
· Nature ·
· November 30, 2010 ·
· Haim Watzman ·

TEL MEGIDDO -- Fabled as a site of biblical battles and spectacular palaces, Tel Megiddo today is a dusty mound overlooking Israel's Jezreel valley. It is also host to one of the hottest debates in archaeology -- a controversy over the historical truth of the Bible's account of the first united Kingdom of Israel. Ancient Megiddo is said to have been a key administrative and military centre in the kingdom ruled by King David and his son Solomon during the eleventh and tenth centuries BC. But the biblical narrative is challenged by archaeologists such as Israel Finkelstein of Tel Aviv...

Let's Have Jerusalem

 Jewish Presence Near Rachel's Tomb

· 09/29/2003 9:28:45 AM PDT ·
· Posted by Alouette ·
· 9 replies · 193+ views ·
· Israel National News (Arutz 7) ·
· Sept. 29, 2003 ·

Defense Minister Sha'ul Mofaz allowed, only hours before the onset of the Rosh HaShanah holiday, a Jewish group to move in to property adjacent to Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem. Forty people, including students of the Rachel's Tomb yeshiva and other students and their families, spent the two-day holiday there. Even more dramatically, two families hope to move in permanently in the course of the next two weeks -- - the first Jews to live in the city in several decades. Appropriate security measures such as bullet-proof windows have been installed, but the army has required the new occupants to implement...


 Court okays Jerusalem-Rachel's Tomb road

· 02/03/2005 10:05:30 AM PST ·
· Posted by Alouette ·
· 12 replies · 396+ views ·
· Jerusalem Post ·
· Feb. 3, 2005 ·
· Dan Izenberg ·

The High Court of Justice on Thursday rejected a petition filed by the Bethlehem municipality against construction of a bypass road from Jerusalem to Rachel's Tomb and rejected the accusation that the road annexed the tomb, which is located in Palestinian territory. According to the ruling handed down by Justice Dorit Beinisch, "the solution devised by the [state] guarantees freedom of worship to those who come to pray without causing substantial damage to the petitioners' freedom of movement and right to ownership of property. Therefore, we did not find that the solution that was devised at the end of the...


 Routing for Rahel [Rachel's Tomb]

· 02/12/2005 5:22:05 PM PST ·
· Posted by Alouette ·
· 27 replies · 4,018+ views ·
· Jerusalem Post ·
· Feb. 12, 2005 ·
· Dave Bender ·

We've succeeded in saving Rahel's Tomb," says Kever Rahel Fund founder and director Miriam Adani. Adani was responding to the decision by the High Court of Justice last week to dismiss petitions by 18 local Palestinians, together with the Bethlehem and Beit Jala municipalities, against construction of a bypass road leading to the compound. The new route will annex Rahel's Tomb to Jerusalem's municipal boundaries and place it within a segment of the planned "envelope" barrier being constructed along the city's southern perimeter. Adani, who established the Kever Rahel fund in 1999, reveals that for her and her supporters, the...

Climate

 Shuttle images reveal Egypt's lost great lake

· 12/03/2010 4:09:49 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 26 replies ·
· Science News ·
· Wednesday, November 24th, 2010 ·
· Alexandra Witze ·

Radar images taken from the space shuttle confirm that a lake broader than Lake Erie once sprawled a few hundred kilometers west of the Nile, researchers report in the December issue of Geology. Since the lake first appeared around 250,000 years ago, it would have ballooned and shrunk until finally petering out around 80,000 years ago... Since then, desert winds have eroded and sands have buried much of the region's landscape, says Maxine Kleindienst, an anthropologist at the University of Toronto. But during next summer's field season, she and her colleagues will be checking for ancient shorelines at the elevations...

Paleontology

 Graptolite fauna indicates the beginning of the Kwangsian Orogeny

· 12/03/2010 7:34:12 AM PST ·
· Posted by decimon ·
· 35 replies ·
· Science in China Press ·
· December 3, 2010 ·
· Unknown ·

Our research at the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, has shown, based on a refined division and correlation of the graptolite-bearing strata in southern Jiangxi, China, that the Kwangsian Orogeny commenced in the early Katian Age of the Late Ordovician. Because of its significant research value, this study is published in Issue 11 of Science China Earth Sciences. An angular unconformity separating the Lower-Middle Devonian and underlying strata is widespread in the Zhujiang region of South China, and occurs across most of Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. This angular unconformity indicates...

Ancient Autopsies

 2,000-year-old intact female skeleton with gray hair unearthed in Hubei

· 12/02/2010 6:00:47 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 19 replies ·
· People's Daily Online ·
· ovember 23, 2010 ·
· unattributed ·

A 2,000-year-old intact skeleton of an elderly woman was unearthed from a tomb from the early Western Han dynasty at the construction site of an industrial park in the north of Zhuchengjie, a satellite city of Wuhan, capital of east-central China's Hubei Province... The archaeological team said that when exploring the tomb numbered M6 from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. on Nov. 19, they found a nearly intact outer coffin and almost no water had leaked into it. More surprisingly, there was a well-preserved dark brown skeleton inside the inner coffin, with a lot of gray hair still on the...

Central Asia

 The golden haul of Afghanistan:
  Priceless 2,000 year old collapsible crown on display in Britain


· 11/30/2010 7:46:52 PM PST ·
· Posted by Pan_Yan ·
· 21 replies ·
· Daily Mail (UK) ·
· 7:29 PM on 30th November 2010 ·
· Daily Mail Reporter ·

A gold crown -- said to be one of the 'world's most beautiful and priceless objects' -- is set to be the star attraction at a British Museum exhibition of treasures from Afghanistan. More than 200 objects, many of which were hidden away for 25 years, are being loaned from the National Museum of Afghanistan. The 'collapsible' crown was discovered by Soviet archaeologists in 1978 in an elite nomadic cemetery and has never been shown in Britain before. Other objects showing ancient Afghanistan's links through trade with other cultures include classical sculptures, gold ornaments and jewellery, carved ivory attached to...

India

 Burial urn dating to Megalithic period unearthed

· 12/02/2010 5:23:16 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 14 replies ·
· MSN ·
· Friday, November 25, 2010 ·
· PTI COR APR ·

A five feet high burial urn dating to the Megalithic period (300 BC to 100 AD) and containing teeth and some other articles was unearthed by construction workers at a village near here today. The urn was found at a depth of about eight feet at the backyard of a house at Thillayadi village and contained pieces of teeth and some articles commonly used by soldiers, officials said. Speaking to reporters after visiting the spot, Tarangambadi Archaeological Curator Muthusamy said the urn was four feet wide, with a 2.5 foot diameter mouth. Two small pots, black and red in colour,...

Prehistory & Origins

 Tombs Dating Back to 5th Millennium BC Unearthed in Syria

· 11/29/2010 8:02:36 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 10 replies ·
· Global Arab Network ·
· Thursday, November 25, 2010 ·
· H. Zain ·

The dolmen means "stone table" or the "holy cemeteries". It represents the beginning of human architectural art as the findings indicate that man used this kind of tombs for burial 5,000 years ago. Archaeologist Yasser Abu Noktah said that the discovered dolmens at al-Maysara Spring consist of roofs with huge flagstones, on which animals' drawings are carved, adding that a number of stone and flint tools were also unearthed at the site. Al-Maysara site is one of the most important Syrian sites which date back to the Neolithic Age between 7,000 to 4,500 BC. Abu Noktah added the archaeological expeditions...

Catastrophism & Astronomy

 Masters of Math, From Old Babylon

· 11/27/2010 12:09:10 PM PST ·
· Posted by pillut48 ·
· 30 replies ·
· NYT ·
· November 26, 2010 ·
· Edward Rothstein ·

If the cost of digging a trench is 9 gin, and the trench has a length of 5 ninda and is one-half ninda deep, and if a worker's daily load of earth costs 10 gin to move, and his daily wages are 6 se of silver, then how wide is the canal? Or, a better question: if you were a tutor of Babylonian scribes some 4,000 years ago, holding a clay tablet on which this problem was incised with cuneiform indentations -- the very tablet that can now be seen with 12 others from that Middle Eastern civilization at the...

The Greeks

 Archaeologists to embark on quest for 2,500-year-old lost Greek theatre

· 11/29/2010 7:55:28 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 9 replies ·
· Telegraph UK ·
· Monday, November 29, 2010 ·
· Nick Squires ·

Alexander Hardcastle spent a decade searching for the fabled theatre, which is said to be buried beneath the remains of Akragas, a city established by Greek colonists six centuries before Christ on the southern coast of Sicily... Hardcastle, a former soldier who had served with the Royal Engineers in the Boer War, believed that remains of the stone-built theatre had survived, despite Akragas being shaken by earthquakes, sacked by the Carthaginians and plundered for its stone. The Harrow-educated gentleman scholar, who was born in Belgravia, spent a fortune on the quest between 1920 and 1930, but lost all his money...

Hear Music, but There's No One There

 3,000- Year-Old Musical Instrument Unearthed In Vietnam

· 11/30/2010 4:19:42 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 8 replies ·
· Bernama ·
· November 19, 2010 ·
· unattributed ·

BINH THUAN, Nov 19 (Bernama) -- A set of stone musical instrument dating from 3,000 years ago was unearthed by a farmer in Da Kai commune, Duc Linh district, when he dug holes for planting coffee trees, according to Vietnam news agency on Friday. The music instrument comprises of five slabs of black blue stone, which when arranged from small to big form a trapezoid. This is a typical character of ancient lithophone, different from new lithophones or sounding stone slabs. The instrument has been handed over to the Binh Thuan museum. Earlier, the Binh Thuan museum in coordination with...

Navigation

 Mystery shipwreck found in central Stockholm

· 11/30/2010 4:26:07 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 21 replies ·
· The Local ·
· Thanksgiving Day 2010 ·
· TT/AFP ·

The remains of a ship dating from the 1600s have been discovered outside the Grand Hotel in central Stockholm. The vessel was built with an almost completely unknown technology, delighting archaeologists. The planks of the ship are not nailed down, but sewn together with rope. The discovery was made by labourers close to the royal palace and in front of Stockholm's Grand Hotel during renovation works to a quay. "The discovery of the wreck is extremely interesting given the place where it was made. There was a naval shipyard on this spot until the start of the 17th century," Maritime...

Helix, Make Mine a Double

 Was Christopher Columbus Polish?

· 11/30/2010 3:45:13 PM PST ·
· Posted by Coleus ·
· 59 replies ·
· wbj ·
· 29th November 2010 ·
· Andrew Shale ·

A Portuguese historian believes he has solved the age-old mystery surrounding the nationality of Christopher Columbus. According to Manuel Rosa, a lecturer at Duke University, North Carolina, the explorer was in fact the son of Polish King Wladyslaw III. It has always been thought that King Wladyslaw III fell in battle against the forces of the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Varna in 1444. According to Mr Rosa, however, the king managed to survive the battle unscathed and fled to the Portuguese island of Madeira where he lived out the rest of his life as a hermit and married...

Middle Ages & Renaissance

 Identifying Eadgyth [granddaughter of Alfred the Great]

· 12/02/2010 6:09:52 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 12 replies ·
· PhysOrg ·
· November 26, 2010 ·
· University of Bristol ·

Eadgyth was the granddaughter of Alfred the Great and the half-sister of Athelstan, the first acknowledged King of England. She was sent to marry Otto, King of Saxony, in AD 929, and bore him at least two children, before her death, at around the age of 36, in AD 946. Buried in the monastery of St Maurice in Magdeburg, historical records state that her bones were moved on at least three occasions before being interred in an elaborate tomb in Magdeburg Cathedral in 1510. It was long assumed that this tomb was empty, so, when German archaeologists opened it in...

The Revolution

 Today in History November 29th 1775, Sir James Jay invents invisible ink

· 11/29/2010 4:43:44 PM PST ·
· Posted by mdittmar ·
· 8 replies ·
· various ·
· November 29th 2010 ·
· various ·

During the Revolutionary War, founding father John Jay's brother, Sir James Jay, invented a method for the Patriots to communicate with each other that could not be intercepted by the British. Washington called Jay's invention "sympathetic stain" or "white ink." We would call it invisible ink.

Longer Perspectives

 A History of the World [in 100 Objects]

· 12/04/2010 7:00:17 AM PST ·
· Posted by AndyJackson ·
· 26 replies ·
· British Museum and the BBC ·
· various ·

This is a website providing access to an online web and video presentation of the history of the world shown through 100 objects that are in the British museaum. Of the 100 British Museum Objects , objects 1-10 are: 1: Mummy of Hornedjitef. 2: Olduvai stone chopping tool. 3: Olduvai handaxe. 4: Swimming reindeer 5: Clovis spear point. 6: Bird-shaped pestle. 7: Ain Sakhri lovers figurine. 8: Egyptian clay model of cattle. 9: Maya maize god statue. 10: Jomon pot.

end of digest #333 20101204


1,196 posted on 12/04/2010 2:05:28 PM PST by SunkenCiv (The 2nd Amendment follows right behind the 1st because some people are hard of hearing.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1191 | View Replies ]


To: 240B; 75thOVI; Adder; albertp; Androcles; asgardshill; At the Window; bitt; blu; BradyLS; ...

Gods Graves Glyphs Digest #333 20101204
· Saturday, December 04, 2010 · 38 topics · 2636764 to 2633779 · 759 members ·

 
Saturday
Dec 04
2010
v 7
n 21

view
this
issue


Freeper Profiles
Welcome to the 333rd issue, another big thanks to decimon and all others for posting such great stuff. I've got a busy social life today, which is unusual, and have to get going. The plan (as I type this) is to back this up onto the spare external drive I got many months ago and had to open up during this week. This issue will be edited elsewhere -- which as that cartoonist noted, has always been one of my favorite places.

This week is flush with topics on the Star of Bethlehem, which helped pad the issue out to 38 topics. Christmas is three weeks from today. Stuff that doesn't necessarily make it to GGG here on FR gets shared here: Point of Parliamentary idiocy, Mister Chairman.

· join list or digest · view topics · view or post blog · bookmark · post a topic ·


1,197 posted on 12/04/2010 2:15:03 PM PST by SunkenCiv (The 2nd Amendment follows right behind the 1st because some people are hard of hearing.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1196 | View Replies ]


Gods, Graves, Glyphs
Weekly Digest #334
Saturday, December 11, 2010

Let's Have Jerusalem

 Israel in Canaan (Long) Before Pharaoh Merenptah?
  A Fresh Look at Berlin Statue Pedestal Relief...


· 12/07/2010 6:48:32 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 39 replies ·
· J of Anc Egyptian Intercon ·
· 2010, v 2:4 ·
· van der Veen, Theis, & Görg ·

...As for the name rings on the slab no. 21687, three names can be discerned. The first on the left reads... "Ashkelon." A similar writing (but with a vowel marker) is attested on Merenptah's Israel Stele... The name in the central ring reads... "Canaan." This form of the name is well attested during the Eighteenth Dynasty, and finds close parallels under Amenhotep II... Görg derives the name "Canaan"... translating it as "low land"... and suggests that the... ending reflects an Amorite name pattern. This too would underscore the antiquity of the name... As discussed above, evidence of early orthography is...

All Is Number

 Math Puzzles' Oldest Ancestors Took Form on Egyptian Papyrus

· 12/08/2010 5:21:59 AM PST ·
· Posted by Palter ·
· 26 replies ·
· The New York Times ·
· 06 Dec 2010 ·
· Pam Belluck ·

"As I was going to St. Ives I met a man with seven wives.." You may know this singsong quiz, But what you might not know is this: That it began with ancient Egypt's Early math-filled manuscripts. It's true. That very British-sounding St. Ives conundrum (the one where the seven wives each have seven sacks containing seven cats who each have seven kits, and you have to figure out how many are going to St. Ives) has a decidedly archaic antecedent. An Egyptian document more than 3,600 years old, the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, contains a puzzle of sevens that bears...

Middle Ages & Renaissance

 Battle of Towton, the birth of modern warfare and the killing of 1% of the population

· 12/06/2010 7:45:21 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 29 replies ·
· Archaeology News (UK) ·
· November 25, 2010 ·
· Stephen ·

The Battle of Towton was one of the bloodiest battle to ever take place on English soil, with nearly 1% of the English population of the time killed during the battle. New finds on the site has produced the earliest evidence of the use of guns on the battle field. The Battle of Towton took place on a snowy 29 March 1461 on high ground between the villages of Towton and Saxton in Yorkshire (about 12 miles (19 km) southwest of York and about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Tadcaster). The battle was one of the key battles of...


 An amazing find of an Elizabethan 'visard mask

· 12/09/2010 8:59:41 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 11 replies ·
· Arch News ·
· Monday, December 6, 2010 ·
· Stephen ·

An excerpt from Phillip Stubbes Anatomie of Abuses, published in 1583, he wrote: "When they use to ride abrod, they have invisories, or masks, visors made of velvet, wherwith they cover all their faces, having holes made in them against their eyes, whereout they look. So that if a man, that knew not their guise before, should chaunce to meet one of them, he would think hee met a monster or a devil; for face hee can see none, but two brode holes against her eyes with glasses in them". Another Elizabethan scholar, Randle Holme, wrote: "A mask . ....


 Was Medieval England more Merrie than thought?

· 12/06/2010 1:36:58 PM PST ·
· Posted by decimon ·
· 100 replies ·
· Reuters ·
· December 6, 2010 ·
· Reporting by Stephen Addison; Editing by Michael Holden ·

LONDON (Reuters) -- Maybe being a serf or a villein in the Middle Ages was not such a grim existence as it seems. Medieval England was not only far more prosperous than previously believed, it also actually boasted an average income that would be more than double the average per capita income of the world's poorest nations today, according to new research. Living standards in medieval England were far above the "bare bones subsistence" experience of people in many of today's poor countries, a study says. "The majority of the British population in medieval times could afford to consume what...

Catastrophism & Astronomy

 The Medieval Warm Period hit west Antarctica

· 12/06/2010 11:29:09 AM PST ·
· Posted by Ernest_at_the_Beach ·
· 23 replies ·
· JoNova ·
· December 6th, 2010 ·
· Joanne ·

What do you know? The Medieval Warm Period, which either "didn't exist" or "only happened in Europe", also hit Western Antarctica.Booth Island and Mount Scott are also on the Antarctic Peninsula. Photo: Stan Shebs. The climate models don't know why the world was warmer 1000 years ago. They don't know why it cooled into the Little Ice Age either. The models don't do regional projections well, and they don't do seasonal projections with any skill, and they (in the last ten years) don't work on short decadal timeframes either, but surely when it comes to big global temperature changes the...


 Global Sea-Level Rise at the End of the Last Ice Age Interrupted by Rapid 'Jumps'

· 12/09/2010 8:21:18 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 17 replies ·
· Science News ·
· Saturday, December 4, 2010 ·
· National Oceanography Centre ·

Global sea level rose by a total of more than 120 metres as the vast ice sheets of the last Ice Age melted back. This melt-back lasted from about 19,000 to about 6,000 years ago, meaning that the average rate of sea-level rise was roughly 1 metre per century. Previous studies of sea-level change at individual locations have suggested that the gradual rise may have been marked by abrupt 'jumps' of sea-level rise at rates that approached 5 metres per century. These estimates were based on analyses of the distribution of fossil corals around Barbados and coastal drowning along the...


 Lost civilization under Persian Gulf?

· 12/08/2010 12:58:03 PM PST ·
· Posted by decimon ·
· 35 replies ·
· University of Chicago Press Journals ·
· December 8, 2010 ·
· Unknown ·

A once fertile landmass now submerged beneath the Persian Gulf may have been home to some of the earliest human populations outside Africa, according to an article published today in Current Anthropology. Jeffrey Rose, an archaeologist and researcher with the University of Birmingham in the U.K., says that the area in and around this "Persian Gulf Oasis" may have been host to humans for over 100,000 years before it was swallowed up by the Indian Ocean around 8,000 years ago. Rose's hypothesis introduces a "new and substantial cast of characters" to the human history of the Near East, and suggests...


 Lost Civilization May Have Existed Beneath the Persian Gulf

· 12/10/2010 1:18:44 PM PST ·
· Posted by 2ndDivisionVet ·
· 19 replies ·
· Yahoo! News / Live Science ·
· December 10, 2010 ·
· Jeanna Bryner, Managing Editor ·

Veiled beneath the Persian Gulf, a once-fertile landmass may have supported some of the earliest humans outside Africa some 75,000 to 100,000 years ago, a new review of research suggests. At its peak, the floodplain now below the Gulf would have been about the size of Great Britain, and then shrank as water began to flood the area. Then, about 8,000 years ago, the land would have been swallowed up by the Indian Ocean, the review scientist said. The study, which is detailed in the December issue of the journal Current Anthropology, has broad implications for aspects of human history....

Climate

 Changes in solar activity affect local climate (however...)

· 12/08/2010 2:38:34 PM PST ·
· Posted by decimon ·
· 8 replies ·
· Lund University ·
· December 8, 2010 ·
· Unknown ·

Raimund Muscheler is a researcher at the Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences at Lund University in Sweden. In the latest issue of the journal Science, he and his colleagues have described how the surface water temperature in the tropical parts of the eastern Pacific varied with the sun's activity between 7 000 and 11 000 years ago (early Holocene). Contrary to what one might intuitively believe, high solar activity had a cooling effect in this region. "It is perhaps a similar phenomenon that we are seeing here today", says Raimund Muscheler. "Last year's cold winter in Sweden could intuitively...

Epigraphy & Language

 Canadian scientists using ancient coins to map trading routes

· 12/09/2010 4:14:21 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 10 replies ·
· Montreal Gazette ·
· December 7, 2010 ·
· Randy Boswell ·

Canadian scientists probing the metal content of coins exchanged thousands of years ago in Mediterranean Europe have discovered a new way to map ancient trade patterns, to retrace economic ups and downs at the dawn of Western Civilization and even to shed new light on the collapse of the Roman Empire. Researchers at McMaster University in Hamilton have launched a research project in which nuclear radiation is used to identify changes in metal content among ancient Greek and Roman coins held in a world-class collection amassed at the university since the 1940s... A joint project between the university's classics department...

Navigation

 Warring Greeks Find Peace in Ancient Egypt

· 12/06/2010 10:19:06 AM PST ·
· Posted by decimon ·
· 6 replies ·
· American Friends of Tel Aviv U ·
· December 6, 2010 ·
· Unknown ·

TAU researcher uncovers origins of Greek trade city in Egypt's Nile delta region -- Naukrtis, a Greek trade emporium on Egyptian soil, has long captured the imagination of archaeologists and historians. Not only is the presence of a Greek trading settlement in Egypt during the 7th and 6th century B.C.E. surprising, but the Greeks that lived there in harmony hailed from several Greek states which traditionally warred amongst themselves. Dr. Alexander Fantalkin of Tel Aviv University's Department of Archaeology is delving deeper into this unique piece of ancient history to come up with a new explanation for how Naukrtis developed, and how...

Egypt

 The Bombshell: Our Cleopatra Moment [ review of "Cleopatra: A Life" ]

· 12/08/2010 6:31:06 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 29 replies ·
· Bookslut ·
· December 2010 ·
· Jenny McPhee ·

We are in a Cleopatra moment. Three books featuring the notorious Egyptian queen have been published in the past few months of which Cleopatra: A Life by Pulitzer-Prize winning biographer Stacy Schiff is generating bombshell-size buzz. Michiko Kakutani gave Schiff's book a rave in The New York Times, the biography was fodder for Maureen Dowd's op-ed column (NYT), on NPR Tina Brown declared Schiff's book a "must-read" on the subject of women and power, Judith Thurman's round-up (The New Yorker) of the goddess' most recent chroniclers conferred upon Schiff's opus alone the honorific "a work of literature." But the mega-buzz...

The Greeks

 Lego Antikythera Mechanism

· 12/10/2010 9:22:04 AM PST ·
· Posted by Ro_Thunder ·
· 15 replies ·
· YouTube ·
· 09 Dec 2010 ·
· NatureVideoChannel ·

Cool video of the Antikythera Mechanism rebuilt in Lego, and how it works.

Faith & Philosophy

 Lebanon dig yields spiritual plate [ Greek language blessing / curse ]

· 12/10/2010 9:40:27 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 3 replies ·
· Japan Times ·
· Thursday, December 9, 2010 ·
· unattributed ·

An excavation team from Kyoto University working in Lebanon has found a lead plate believed to date from between the second and fourth centuries that was apparently used to invoke the spirits of the dead. The 6-cm-wide, 14.7-cm-long plate, discovered near the entrance of an underground grave, is adorned with ancient Greek text that reads "May the unjust be removed from them" and "May signs of a gag and shame, and disgrace be given to them," along with the names of four people, the team said Tuesday. Hiroshima University associate professor Hiroshi Maeno said, "Common people in a weak...

Anatolia

 Tumulus skeleton found with arrow tip in spine [ 6,500 BC ]

· 12/10/2010 9:16:05 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 12 replies ·
· Today's Zaman ·
· Thursday, December 9, 2010 ·
· unattributed ·

"This tomb of a man in his 30s from the early Chalcolithic period did not seem unusual at first glance. He was buried in accordance with the burial traditions of the period. ... On closer examination of the skeleton, we discovered a deep arrow wound in the bottom of his spine," paleoanthropologist Song¸l Alpaslan Roodenberg from the excavation team told the Anatolia news agency. "The arrow tip explained the cause of this Aktopraklik man's death almost precisely," she said... Adding that it is very probable that the man died quickly due to excessive bleeding, the paleoanthropologist said: "it seems that...

Prehistory & Origins

 5000 year old footprints found on Formby beach [ UK ]

· 12/10/2010 9:35:34 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 3 replies ·
· Champion Newspapers ·
· Thursday, December 9, 2010 ·
· David Raven ·

Archaeologists today dubbed the discovery 'sensational', claiming it is one of the most significant historic footprint finds the country has seen... Mysterious footprints have been found in the area since the 1950s but the latest finds also shows that deer, six foot cattle and birds from the Bronze Age once roamed the area... The first person to take an active role in studying the footprints was ex-Harrington Road resident Gordon Roberts back in 1989. Now 81-years-old, the former head of languages at Formby High, devised his own system of monitoring and tracking the prints by location... He said: "Formby prides...

Australia & the Pacific

 First Australians did not boost fire activity

· 12/08/2010 7:23:50 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 12 replies ·
· PhysOrg ·
· Monday, December 6, 2010 ·
· Bob Beale ·

The arrival of the first people in Australia about 50,000 years ago did not result in significantly greater fire activity, according to a landmark new research report on the continent's fire history going back 70,000 years. Despite a widely held belief that the frequent use of fire by Aboriginal people resulted in vegetation change and other environmental impacts in prehistoric times, the most comprehensive study of Australian charcoal records has found they had no major impact on fire regimes... On large time scales, overall fire activity in Australia predominantly reflects prevailing climate, with less activity in colder glacial periods and...

Paleontology

 Giant fossil bird found on 'hobbit' island of Flores

· 12/07/2010 2:39:20 PM PST ·
· Posted by decimon ·
· 29 replies ·
· BBC ·
· December 7, 2010 ·
· Emma Brennand ·

A giant marabou stork has been discovered on an island once home to human-like 'hobbits'.Fossils of the bird were discovered on the Indonesian island of Flores, a place previously famed for the discovery of Homo floresiensis, a small hominin species closely related to modern humans. The stork may have been capable of hunting and eating juvenile members of this hominin species, say researchers who made the discovery, though there is no direct evidence the birds did so. The finding, reported in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, also helps explain how prehistoric wildlife adapted to living on islands.

Dinosaurs

 Scientists Discover 'Koreaceratops': First Horned Dino From Korea

· 12/08/2010 2:18:55 PM PST ·
· Posted by EveningStar ·
· 10 replies ·
· FoxNews ·
· December 6, 2010 ·

Triceratops has a new cousin -- one from a distant continent, that is. Scientists from South Korea, the United States and Japan just announced the discovery of a new horned dinosaur, based on an analysis of fossil evidence found in South Korea. Dubbed "Koreaceratops" after its country of origin, the new dinosaur fossil was found in 2008 in a block of rock along the Tando Basin reservoir.

Teaching Guides

 Drawing the Lessons of History, Poster-Size

· 12/07/2010 10:05:45 AM PST ·
· Posted by reaganaut1 ·
· 16 replies ·
· New York Times ·
· December 6, 2010 ·
· Mitchell Trinka ·

It was Dec. 7, 1991, the 50th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor, and Mr. Robyn asked his son if he had learned about the event in class. He was surprised when his son said no. "My father served in World War II, and it was very important to him," Mr. Robyn said. "That day should have been remembered." Fifteen years later, Mr. Robyn, 53, said he was obligated to do something about Americans' indifference to their own history. He sold a landscaping business, which operated out of Wilton, Conn., reached the limits on his credit cards and spent...

Longer Perspectives

 Victor Davis Hanson: The Destiny of Cities

· 12/09/2010 11:58:41 AM PST ·
· Posted by neverdem ·
· 19 replies ·
· City Journal ·
· Autumn 2010 ·
· Victor Davis Hanson ·

Throughout history, forces both natural and human have made cities rise and fall.As the world steadily grows more urbanized, with 50 percent of its population no longer rural, it is more important than ever to ask how cities either perish or manage to survive. The question can be hard to answer. Why, following centuries of periodic depopulation and neglect, are Rome and Athens once again capitals, while Leptis Magna and Ephesus -- once-thriving imperial powerhouses on the coasts of Libya and Turkey, respectively -- are long deserted? Was it climate, or location, or a larger cultural tradition of resilience that eventually brought Rome and...

Proper Study of Man is Mankind

 Anthropology A Science? The Experts Disagree

· 12/09/2010 6:30:08 PM PST ·
· Posted by Palter ·
· 36 replies ·
· The New York Times ·
· 09 Dec 2010 ·
· Nicholas Wade ·

Anthropologists have been thrown into turmoil about the nature and future of their profession after a decision by the American Anthropological Association at its recent annual meeting to strip the word "science" from a statement of its long-range plan.The decision has reopened a long-simmering tension between researchers in science-based anthropological disciplines -- including archaeologists, physical anthropologists and some cultural anthropologists -- and members of the profession who study race, ethnicity and gender and see themselves as advocates for native peoples or human rights. During the last 10 years the two factions have been through a phase of bitter tribal warfare...

Pages

 Sun Tzu's 2,500-Year-Old 'Art of War' Guides China's Strategy Today

· 09/10/2006 9:20:42 AM PDT ·
· Posted by Korvac ·
· 59 replies · 1,500+ views ·
· newsmax.com ·
· Friday, Sept. 8, 2006 ·
· Lev Navrozov ·

Sun Tzu's 2,500-Year-Old 'Art of War' Guides China's Strategy Today Lev Navrozov Friday, Sept. 8, 2006 On June 19, the Daily of the Chinese People's Liberation Army reported that "in the past few days" the Seventh (!) Symposium on Sun Tzu's "Art of War" was held. The report said: "Sun Tzu's "Art of War' advocates winning "without fighting.'" Hitler, the last major Western European conqueror, and his top officers, some of whom had fought World War I for four years without winning, had possibly never read Sun Tzu's "Art of War." Many Westerners still regard themselves as supermen (the word...

China

 Prehistoric cobbled road found in Jiangxi

· 12/10/2010 9:49:28 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 8 replies ·
· People's Daily Online ·
· Thursday, December 09, 2010 ·
· Ye Xin ·

A prehistoric archeological site with an area of about 600 square meters has been under excavation in Jin'an County, China's Jiangxi Province since October 2009. More than 1,000 cultural relics have been unearthed. On Dec. 3, 2010, a cobbled road 4 meters in length and 90 centimeters wide was found at the archeological site. The road paved with cobblestones dates back to prehistoric times. Evidence shows that it is the earliest road in Jiangxi. A prehistoric cobbled road is found in Jiangxi. (photo:jxnews.com.cn)

PreColumbian, Clovis, & PreClovis

 Archaeologists Discover Two More Human Skeletons
  Accompanied by a Rich Offering at Chiapa de Corzo


· 12/09/2010 8:52:39 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 10 replies ·
· ArtDaily ·
· Tuesday, December 7, 2010 ·
· E Gallaga & B Bachand (?) ·

After discovering a 2,700 year old tomb, probably the earliest in Mesoamerica, the team of specialists of the Chiapa de Corzo Archaeological Project discovered another multiple burial that probably dates from 500 BC, which was accompanied by an offering where a necklace with an Olmeca-style pendant stands out. Also found at Mound 11 of Chiapa de Corzo Archaeological Zone, this second discovery consists in 2 osseous remains of male adults, located in a corner of the excavation area of the hill... The general characteristics of the multiple burial and its offering, as pointed out by the experts, confirms the early...

Agriculture & Animal Husbandry

 Mayans converted wetlands to farmland

· 12/09/2010 8:01:31 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 18 replies ·
· Nature ·
· November 5, 2010 ·
· Amanda Mascarelli ·

Using new techniques and extensive excavations, researchers have found that the Maya coped with tough environmental conditions by developing ingenious methods to grow crops in wetland areas. "The work shows that this intensive agriculture is more complicated and on a par with these other areas of intellectual development," says Timothy Beach, a physical geographer at Georgetown University in Washington DC, who presented his findings on Wednesday at the Geological Society of America (GSA) meeting in Denver, Colorado. The Maya civilization, considered one of the most advanced ancient societies, lived in sprawling and densely populated pockets from the Yucatán Peninsula in...

Peru & the Andes

 Peru: 'sensational' Inca find for British team in Andes [ ancestor stones ]

· 12/09/2010 8:08:14 AM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 21 replies ·
· The Observer ·
· Sunday, December 5, 2010 ·
· Dalya Alberge ·

A British team of archaeologists on expedition in the Peruvian Andes has hailed as "sensational" the discovery of some of the most sacred objects in the Inca civilisation -- three "ancestor stones", which were once believed to form a precious link between the heavens and the underworld... Dr Frank Meddens, research associate of Royal Holloway, who was also on the expedition, said they had "danced a little jig on top of the mountain" after discovering the objects that they had only read about in 16th-century Spanish documents.


 Inequality drove ancient Peruvians to child sacrifice

· 12/06/2010 1:07:46 PM PST ·
· Posted by La Lydia ·
· 32 replies ·
· New Scientist ·
· December 3, 2010 ·
· Sonia Van Gilder Cook ·

Sacrifice is an age-old ritual, but the inhabitants of 10th-century Peru brought sinister novelty to their rites by slaughtering children. In the Lambayeque valley on the north coast, the earliest definitive evidence of ritual child sacrifice uncovered.... "The scale and sheer complexity of the blood sacrifice of children appears to be something completely new," said Haagen Klaus of Utah Valley University in Orem... To investigate the role of ritual sacrifice in the Middle Sic·n period, researchers examined 81 skeletons at the site, probing their teeth and bones to determine who they were and why they'd been killed. ... 70 per...

Darwinners & Losers

 Sexual Selection: Hunkier Than Thou

· 12/09/2010 5:26:05 PM PST ·
· Posted by Tolerance Sucks Rocks ·
· 46 replies ·
· The Economist ·
· December 9, 2010 ·
· The Economist ·

WHEN it comes to partners, men often find women's taste fickle and unfathomable. But ladies may not be entirely to blame. A growing body of research suggests that their preference for certain types of male physiognomy may be swayed by things beyond their conscious control -- like prevalence of disease or crime -- and in predictable ways. Masculine features -- a big jaw, say, or a prominent brow -- tend to reflect physical and behavioural traits, such as strength and aggression. They are also closely linked to physiological ones, like virility and a sturdy immune system. The obverse of these desirable characteristics looks less appealing. Aggression is fine...

Biology & Cryptobiology

 Crocs dispel 'living fossil' myth

· 12/08/2010 7:57:19 PM PST ·
· Posted by decimon ·
· 13 replies ·
· BBC ·
· December 8, 2010 ·
· Ella Davies ·

Crocodiles can no longer be referred to as "living fossils", according to scientists.Members of the crocodilian family have previously been thought to have changed little since prehistoric times. However, new fossil analyses suggests that modern crocodilians actually evolved from a very diverse group. Recently discovered ancient ancestors include small cat-like specimens, giant "supercrocs" and a pug-nosed vegetarian species. Body structureModern crocodilians are adapted to aquatic environments with long snouts, strong tails and powerful jaws. Yet contrary to popular belief, scientists now suggest that the basic body structure of crocodiles, alligators and ghariels evolved from a diverse group of prehistoric reptiles...

Helix, Make Mine a Double

 Human genetic variation: The first 50 dimensions

· 12/04/2010 1:43:15 PM PST ·
· Posted by Palter ·
· 12 replies ·
· Dienekes' Anthropology Blog ·
· 01 Dec 2010 ·
· Dienekes Pontikos ·

Here is a huge data dump for anyone interested in human variation. Part of the reason I started the Dodecad Project was to be able to analyze data on my own, rather than having to squint to make sense of a plot, to speculate about what might show up at higher dimensions, or with more clusters, to wonder how the inclusion of additional populations would affect the results, and so on. The following dataset represents the culmination (so far), of my efforts. Number of SNP markers: ~177,000 as in here Populations: 139 Individuals: 2,230 In the RAR file (~11MB) you...

Ancient Autopsies

 Britain's oldest brain [ 300 BC or before ]

· 12/05/2010 8:49:37 PM PST ·
· Posted by SunkenCiv ·
· 33 replies ·
· Past Horizons ·
· Friday, November 26, 2010 ·
· unattributed ·

The oldest surviving human brain in Britain, dating back at least 2000 years to the Iron Age, was unearthed during excavations on the site of the University of York's campus expansion at Heslington East in 2008. Archaeologists from York Archaeological Trust, commissioned by the University to carry out the exploratory dig, made the discovery in an area of extensive prehistoric farming landscape of fields, trackways and buildings dating back to at least 300 BC, and they believe the skull, which was found on its own in a muddy pit, may have been a ritual offering. The man had been hanged...

Oh So Mysteriouso

 Piecing Together the Ark

· 12/07/2010 7:57:43 PM PST ·
· Posted by Walt Griffith ·
· 43 replies ·
· The Arc Encounter ·
· December 1, 2010 ·
· The Arc Encounter Admin. ·

As the account of Noah's Ark and the Flood continues to capture the imagination of all sectors in America, nearly every culture boasts well-known accounts of a massive flood that has elements very similar to the biblical Flood (going back even to the time of the Babylonians). In November, 2009, a CBS News survey revealed the finding that the remains of Noah's Ark would be the greatest archaeological discovery of our day. CBS News stated: "CBS' 60 Minutes news program, in conjunction with Vanity Fair magazine, recently conducted a web survey asking which archaeological discovery people would most want to...


 Rock-solid Proof? (Man and Dinosaur Walked the Earth Together?)

· 07/31/2008 6:20:38 PM PDT ·
· Posted by Free ThinkerNY ·
· 183 replies · 2,181+ views ·
· mineralwellsindex.com ·
· July 28, 2008 ·
· David May ·

A slab of North Texas limestone is on track to rock the world, with its two imbedded footprints poised to make a huge impression in scientific and religious circles. The estimated 140-pound stone was recovered in July 2000 from the bank of a creek that feeds the Paluxy River near Glen Rose, Texas, located about 53 miles south of Fort Worth. The find was made just outside Dinosaur Valley State Park, a popular destination for tourists known for its well-preserved dinosaur tracks and other fossils. The limestone contains two distinct prints -- one of a human footprint and one belonging...

Thoroughly Modern Miscellany

 Rare window into life of tsarist Russia (many letters to Swiss tutor)

· 12/05/2010 6:45:55 PM PST ·
· Posted by decimon ·
· 20 replies ·
· BBC ·
· December 5, 2010 ·
· Imogen Foulkes ·

A rare window into life in imperial Russia is due to open on Monday, when hundreds of letters, postcards, photographs and even menus from the court of Tsar Alexander III are put up for auction in Geneva.The documents were all sent by Alexander's children, Nicholas (who later became Nicholas II), George, Michael, Olga and Xenia to their Swiss tutor Ferdinand Thormeyer. Mr Thormeyer was born and brought up in Geneva, but emigrated to Russia as a young man where - in 1886 - he became a tutor of French language and literature to the imperial children. Throughout his time with...

The Revolution

 The 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence Proved Freedom is not Free

· 07/01/2009 9:48:59 AM PDT ·
· Posted by Son House ·
· 31 replies · 2,479+ views ·
· The Forest Lake Times ·
· 01 July 2009 ·
· Rev. John C. Blackford ·

It all began on July 4, 1776 in the city of Philadelphia when a small group of men, suffering under the restraints of a European power 3000 miles away, and acting as the Second Continental Congress, declared their 13 colonies to be free and independent of Great Britain. Knowing their proclamation would bring difficulties, they committed themselves and their constituents to what they believed was their "unalienable right" -- freedom from tyranny. The Revolutionary War resulted from their declaration. It was a time of tremendous hardship for the new nation, but it ushered in a new era for the world....

end of digest #334 20101211


1,198 posted on 12/11/2010 7:49:35 AM PST by SunkenCiv (The 2nd Amendment follows right behind the 1st because some people are hard of hearing.)
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