I agree fully with your reading of Penrose's statements and wish to add these two observations:
2. In Emporer's New Mind Penrose emphasizes math which pre-exists (like the Mandelbrot set) and was later discovered. Though it is evidently offensive to some, pre-existence seems obvious to me. For instance, Schwarzchild Geometry was not created by Schwarzchild, it was discovered by him.
At any rate, I agree that he is not a materialist. I would say he is a true scientist who has indentified the point at which current science fails and new science is needed to go any further.
"Appropriate physical action of the brain evokes awareness," -- Roger Penrose
One really must really wonder how a computer can think like a human. How for example could a computer 'love' or have any other human emotion. Certainly our emotions affect our thinking even if one does not consider them to be thoughts themselves. Other problems are how can a computer have insight or conscience. This also seems impossible.
However, perhaps the toughest test for a computer thinking like a human being is laughter. Will a computer ever be able to laugh at a joke like a human can? There is much that is human involved in even a simple joke such as irony, a dissonance from reality, plays on words, etc. For example , the simple one liner "Take my wife, PLEASE!" would probably drive any computer nuts trying to figure out what the joke is.