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Laboratory Speciation in Helianthus Evolves a Native Species
furball4paws

Posted on 02/15/2005 7:12:00 AM PST by furball4paws

Laboratory Speciation in Helianthus Evolves a Native Species

DNA examination of five species of Helianthus (H. annuus, H. petiolarus fallax, H. anomalus, H. paradoxus, and H. deserticola) suggested that H. annuus and H. petiolarus fallax are the evolutionary parents of the other three species (Rieseberg 1993, 1995, 1993). All five species are self-incompatible and fertile. Typically, H. annuus (the ancestor of the commercial sunflower) and H. petiolarus fallax form hybrids that are almost fully sterile. However, the few fertile hybrids, when subjected to sib-matings and back crossing regimes yield a new species that is fully fertile and cannot cross with either of the parental species. This new species is virtually identical to H. anomalus. The produced species is genetically isolated from the parents by chromosomal barriers. "Under laboratory conditions these changes are repeatable across independent experiments" (Niklas, p.64). The laboratory derived H. anomalus readily crosses with the native H. anomalus. Results indicate that H. deserticola and H. paradoxus may also have arisen via hybridization of H. annuus and H. petiolarus fallax. These two species have different synthetic capabilities from the parents and live in sandier and drier soils. Hybrid speciation may be common in plants where hybrids often form (see Gilia sp., Grant, 1966, Stebbins, 1959, Arnold, 1995), but is presumed rare in animals where hybrids are less common (however, see the minnow Gila seminuda, Bellini, 1994). Experiments to confirm the evolutionary parents of H. deserticola and H. paradoxus have not been performed. 1. Based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis results, the Theory of Evolution predicts that H. annuus and H. pertiolarus fallax are evolutionary ancestors of H. anomalus, H. deserticola and H. paradoxus. 2. Hybrids of H. annuus and H. petiolarus fallax subjected to different regimes (at least 3) of back crossing and sib-matings, all converged into a new plant species with "nearly identical gene combinations" (Rieseberg) as the native species H. anomalus. This confirms the natural evolutionary parents of H. anomalus as predicted.

References 1. Arnold, J and S.A. Hodges. 1995. Are Natural Hybrids Fit or Unfit Relative to Their Parents? Trends Ecol. Evol. 10:67-71. 2. Bullini, L. 1994. Origin and Evolution of Animals by Hybrid Animal Species. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9:422-6. 3. Futuyma, D.J. 1998. Evolutionary Biology. 3rd. Edition, Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, MA. 4. Grant, V. 1966. The Origin of a New Species of Gilia in a Hybridization Experiment. Genetics 54:1189-99. 5. Niklas, K.J. 1997. The Evolutionary Biology of Plants. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 6. Rieseberg, L.H. 1995. The Role of Hybridization in Evolution: Old Wine in New Skins. Amer. J. Bot. 82:944-53. 7. Rieseberg, L.H., and N.C. Ellstrand. 1993. What Can Molecular and Morphological Markers Tell Us About Plant Hybridization? Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 12:213-41. 8. Rieseberg, L.H., B. Sinervo, C.R. Linden, M. Ungerer and D.M. Arias. 1996. Role of Gene Interactions in Hybrid Speciation: Evidence from Ancient and Experimental Hybrids. Science 272:741-44.A

Nice, neat, repeatable and meets all scientific criteria for a definitive experiment.


TOPICS:
KEYWORDS: crevo; crevolist; darwin; evolution; justahybrid; plantevolution; speciation; stillasunflower
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To: balrog666

If we were on /. your karma would be crashing for that one... (but I don't necesarily disagree) :P


41 posted on 02/15/2005 8:03:08 AM PST by epluribus_2
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To: PatrickHenry
How did we get moved to the smokey backroom?

Someone complained. Figuring out who that someone is based on the posts thus far is left as an exercise for the reader.

42 posted on 02/15/2005 8:03:51 AM PST by general_re ("Frantic orthodoxy is never rooted in faith, but in doubt." - Reinhold Niebuhr)
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To: Rudder

"t just one of the many mechanisms of evolution, and this study is not limited to simply hybridization."

Thank you - it seems so obvious to me that I sometimes overlook the possibility of selective reading. It really is a neat experiment.


43 posted on 02/15/2005 8:05:05 AM PST by furball4paws (It's not the cough that carried him off - it's the coffin they carried him off in (O. Nash -I think))
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To: dighton; VadeRetro
A nice, quiet thread about flowers. What could possibly go wrong?

Well...

-- Believe Me if All Those Endearing Young Charms

Vade could could that insipid song playing in my head all day long, for one thing.

44 posted on 02/15/2005 8:06:23 AM PST by Stultis
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To: furball4paws

Mud in your eye - or a sharp stick in their eye?

I wonder what the hyper-ventilation rate is amongst the flat headed after they read that flower story?


45 posted on 02/15/2005 8:06:47 AM PST by GladesGuru
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To: PatrickHenry

As a biologist, I'd like to see such an event. Fish lay eggs, not give birth to either fish or frogs.

But, as long as such an event is being requested, can I append an amendment to require tasty bullfrogs?


46 posted on 02/15/2005 8:10:08 AM PST by GladesGuru
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To: Michael_Michaelangelo
Here we have more “microevolution.”

Actually a new species arising = macroevolution.

47 posted on 02/15/2005 8:10:37 AM PST by Stultis
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To: furball4paws

When all you have is worms, isn't it time to go fishing?


48 posted on 02/15/2005 8:14:26 AM PST by GladesGuru
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To: GladesGuru
As a biologist, I'd like to see such an event. Fish lay eggs, not give birth to either fish or frogs.

What do your guppies do? The ones I had gave birth to little guppies.

49 posted on 02/15/2005 8:16:01 AM PST by Rudder
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To: general_re; PatrickHenry
>How did we get moved to the smokey backroom?
>>Someone complained

Maybe not. The thread's
just a kind of VANITY
with no news hotlink . . .

50 posted on 02/15/2005 8:19:43 AM PST by theFIRMbss
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To: Stultis
The produced species is genetically isolated from the parents by chromosomal barriers.

It's more than the usual and customary macroevolution. It pretty much confirms the origin of a naturally occurring species; it breaks the chromosome discontinuity barrier; it demonstrates that new organisms can find a mate in existing populations. Three birds, one stone.

51 posted on 02/15/2005 8:24:44 AM PST by js1138
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To: dighton; general_re; PatrickHenry
A nice, quiet thread about flowers. What could possibly go wrong?

Er, some wisemouth evolutionist asking why, if evolution didn't happen, Friar Mendel hasn't been posthumously ex-communicated?

52 posted on 02/15/2005 8:26:08 AM PST by aculeus
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To: Michael_Michaelangelo
they should be trying to figure out the origin of phyla

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53 posted on 02/15/2005 8:40:58 AM PST by Stultis
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To: Stultis

Wrong definition. When dealing with creationists, "microevolution" is the stuff that they have to admit has occured because it has been observed, and "macroevolution" is the "stuff that will never happen, ever" until it does happen, at which point that specific event -- and nothing else -- suddenly falls into the category of "microevolution" (with no apologies for claiming that it was impossible in the first place).


54 posted on 02/15/2005 8:48:09 AM PST by Dimensio (http://angryflower.com/bobsqu.gif <-- required reading before you use your next apostrophe!)
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To: Admin Moderator

Is there any chance that this thread could be put back into the forum where it began? This is a good science thread, and all the others like it are posted in, and remain in, the "news/activism" forum.


55 posted on 02/15/2005 8:53:02 AM PST by PatrickHenry (<-- Click on my name. The List-O-Links for evolution threads is at my freeper homepage.)
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To: Rudder

"What do your guppies do? The ones I had gave birth to little guppies."

Don't they still lay eggs? They just hatch inside instead of outside. Like some snakes. What's the word, oviparous (or something like that?)


56 posted on 02/15/2005 8:56:49 AM PST by furball4paws (It's not the cough that carried him off - it's the coffin they carried him off in (O. Nash -I think))
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To: Dimensio

LOL! Correction accepted.


57 posted on 02/15/2005 8:59:23 AM PST by Stultis
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To: furball4paws

Oviparous = egg-laying. I forget, I was kid when I had the guppies and never really checked into it. I'll check it out.


58 posted on 02/15/2005 9:00:18 AM PST by Rudder
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To: PatrickHenry

Sorry, but Vger changed it's mind and doesn't want input from the creator.


59 posted on 02/15/2005 9:01:45 AM PST by js1138
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To: furball4paws
From guppyplace: "The guppy is a live bearer, with an average gestation period of 28 days."
60 posted on 02/15/2005 9:09:41 AM PST by Rudder
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