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Your large map is interesting. It has Nova Francie, Nieuw England, Nova Belgica, Nieuw Nederlandt, Penn-syl-va-nia, and perhaps Nieuw Yorck. What's the date of the map, late 1600s?

In crediting those in the North who contributed to the formation of the country, don't forget the role of the Virginians nor the Southern patriots who dealt Cornwallis body blows at Cowpens, Kings Mountain, and Guilford Courthouse prior to Yorktown. We all pulled together.

I thought it was a very interesting map as well and in Latin.

The historic map of New England-Greater New York-Lower Canada was found at the The New-York Historical Society's website. Unfortunately the date under the heading was not provided for this particuler map 'Henry G. Taliaferro, co-author of Degrees of Latitude, is a well-known dealer of rare maps and prints in New York. He compiled Cartographic Sources in the Rosenberg Library (1987) and has authored several articles on Virginia genealogy and 17th- through 19th-century mapmaking.' My guess would be 1660's - 1670's(?) This is another map, lower Manhattan, from the same website:

What you stated in terms of Virgina from is very true in conjunction with the Plimouth colony from 1621 onward and then Boston's founding in 1630-1631 coupled the expansion into what became Rhode Island and north into New Hampshire & Maine (which was governed by the Mass Bay colony.

New York on the othr hand, (New Amsterdam, a fort in lower Manhattan) founded by the Dutch in 1626 & remaining under Dutch control until August 27th, of 1664, when royal English Governor replaced Peter Stuyvesant through the surrender of Dutch forces to superior English naval forces can not be placed in English American history until after 1664.

The famous Dutch 'New Netherland' $24 'buyout' of the island of 'Manhattes' or 'Manna-hata' (an old Indian term meaning "'island of hills' from native Americans, was really $669.42, based on a recalculation by a Dutch bank.

I shall follow up on this posting later.

This is some additional information on the Dutch in New Amsterdam.

'The development of town life in New Netherland had been greatly retarded by the individualism of the settlers. Apart from the patroonships there was no immigration in groups as in New England. Defense of the scattered farms against the Indians was very difficult, and the Dutch West India Company repeatedly tried to force the colonists to build towns and forts. Incorporation into a town not only provided better defense but gave its inhabitants the added advantage of being permitted to have their own court of justice. Even so the growth of towns was extremely slow.'

Nieuw Amsterdam was destined by its location to become the trading center of the colony. In May 1647, when its last and famous governor Pieter Stuyvesant stepped ashore, its population was generally estimated at seven hundred, but some sources state that at that time no more than a hundred people were living there. The town stretched from the fort at the waterfront to the palisades which had been erected against Indian raiders. In Dutch these were called de wal. Look at a map of present-day New York City. Pearl Street marks the limit of what was dry land in those days, the areas south and east of it having been drained and filled in later. The northern boundary -- de wal -- gave its name to the Wall Street of today.'

James, Duke of York.

In August 1664, Peter Stuyvesant was forced to relinquish all control over New Amsterdam.

Fort Amsterdam then became Fort James, as New Amsterdam was renamed New York.

Between 1672 and 1674 Dutch raiders, smarting from their defeat by the English and the loss of their colonies in what is now New York, carried out a series of raids on the coast of America & eastern Canada.

The Dutch fleet arrived in Ferryland, Newfoundland from New Amsterdam, which they had successfully recaptured from the British in July 1673. (From Frank C. Bowen, The Sea: It's History and Romance to 1697, vol. I (London: B.F. Stevens & Brown, 1924-1926) 269. Original in Arnoldus Montanus, De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld, of Beschrijving van America (Amsterdam: 1671).)

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