Does Water Baptism Save?

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Baptismal Regeneration is the teaching which says that water baptism is an essential requirement for salvation. According to this teaching, if a person desires to be born again (born into God's family) then he must be baptized in water. Those holding to this doctrine teach that apart from water baptism, a person cannot be saved, cannot be born again, cannot see the kingdom, and cannot enter heaven.

The following was written to some friends in the Church of Christ (a church that believes that water baptism is necessary for salvation):

I wanted to write to you concerning some of the things we talked about, especially concerning salvation and baptism. I’m sure that you would agree that there is no more important subject than that of God’s salvation and how a person can obtain this salvation. Our eternal salvation hinges upon whether or not we understand what God has revealed about the terms of salvation. Long ago the question was asked by a man who was in desperate need: “WHAT MUST I DO TO BE SAVED?” (Acts 16:30). How we need to see what God’s answer is to that all-important question! The issues at stake are nothing less than life and death, heaven and hell.

I greatly appreciate the desire of you both to follow what the Bible says and what the New Testament teaches, rather than to follow traditionalism and modern day teachings which in most cases have departed from the true teachings found in God’s Word. This is my desire as well. There is a great departure from the faith in these days, and our only hope is to go back to the Bible, which is the very Word of God.

I’m going to share several things from the Bible, and I hope that you will give this letter careful thought and that you might search the Scriptures daily to see whether these things be so (compare Acts 17:11). I’m not asking you to take me at my word. I simply want you to take God at His Word and receive whatever He has said as absolute truth. The only question we must ask is this: “What saith the Scriptures?” (Romans 4:3).

Let us now go to the Scriptures to see what the Bible teaches about salvation, about what a person must do to be saved and about the relationship between salvation and water baptism.

1. The Bible teaches that to be saved a person must “BELIEVE ON THE LORD JESUS CHRIST.”

In Acts 16:30 the Philippian jailer asked Paul and Silas this crucial question: “What must I do to be saved?” What answer did these men give to this needy jailer? Did they say, “Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and be baptized and thou shalt be saved”? If baptism is necessary for salvation, then why is nothing said about baptism in Acts 16:31? It’s true that this man was baptized (verse 33), and yet this does not change the fact that Acts 16:31 says, “Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and thou shalt be saved.” If water baptism was a condition of salvation, then this would have been the perfect place for Paul to have said so.

2. The Bible teaches throughout the New Testament that FAITH and FAITH ALONE is necessary for salvation.

I would urge you to read carefully and prayerfully the following verses of Scripture:

John 1:12-13

John 3:15

John 3:16

John 3:18

John 3:36

John 5:24

John 6:35

John 6:40

John 6:47

John 7:38-39

John 11:25-26

John 20:31

Acts 2:21

Acts 10:43

Acts 11:17

Acts 13:38-39

Acts 15:11

Acts 16:31

Acts 20:21

Romans 1:16

Romans 3:22

Romans 3:26

Romans 3:28

Romans 3:30

Romans 5:1

Romans 10:9

Romans 10:11

Romans 10:13

1 Corinthians 15:1-2

Galatians 2:16

Galatians 3:2-9

Galatians 3:14

Galatians 3:24

Galatians 3:26

Ephesians 2:8-9

2 Thessalonians 2:10

2 Thessalonians 2:12

1 Timothy 4:10

2 Timothy 3:15

Titus 3:8

1 John 5:1

1 John 5:11-13

In all of these passages FAITH is mentioned as being essential for salvation. In none of these passages is water baptism mentioned. If baptism is a necessary part or an essential part of salvation, then why is nothing said about baptism in these passages? If a man must be baptized to be saved, then why do all these verses fail to say so? For example, in Acts 10:43 why didn’t Peter say, “whosoever believeth in Him and is baptized shall receive remission (forgiveness) of sins”?

3. EPHESIANS 2:8-9 is a passage which God has given to answer this key question: HOW IS A PERSON SAVED? This important doctrinal verse says nothing about water baptism.

How is a person saved? “For by grace are ye saved THROUGH FAITH, and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God, not of works, lest any man should boast.” Why is there no mention made of baptism? Why didn’t Paul say, “For by grace are ye saved THROUGH FAITH AND BAPTISM . . .”?

4. Water baptism is a WORK (something that man does to please God), and yet the Bible teaches again and again that a person is not saved by works.

Titus 3:5—“Not by WORKS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS which WE HAVE DONE, but according to His mercy He saved us.”

2 Timothy 1:9—“Who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling, NOT ACCORDING TO OUR WORKS.”

Ephesians 2:8-9—“For by grace are ye saved THROUGH FAITH and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God, NOT OF WORKS, lest any man should boast.”

Romans 3:28—“Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith WITHOUT THE DEEDS OF THE LAW.”

Romans 4:5—“But to him that WORKETH NOT, but BELIEVETH on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.”

In other words, salvation is not DOING something; it is KNOWING someone (John 17:3). Salvation is not based on what we might do; it is based on what Christ has ALREADY DONE (John 19:30). Salvation is not TRYING; it is TRUSTING (John 6:47). If salvation could be earned by anything we do, then Christ’s death was a waste (Galatians 2:21). Salvation is not WORKING; it is RESTING on the WORK of Another (Romans 4:5). Good works are not what a man DOES in order to be SAVED; good works are what a SAVED MAN DOES (Ephesians 2:8-10; Titus 3:5-8). God’s holiness utterly condemns the best man (Romans 3:10-23); God’s grace freely justifies the worst (1 Timothy 1:15)!

“Let us address the thief on the cross. The following is a composition of the gospel accounts:

“Then they crucified Him ... And they put up over His head the accusation written against Him: THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS. Then two robbers were crucified with Him, one on the right and another on the left. And those who passed by blasphemed Him, wagging their heads and saying, “You who destroy the temple and build it in three days, save Yourself! If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross.” Likewise the chief priests also, mocking with the scribes and elders, said, “He saved others; Himself He cannot save. If He is the King of Israel, let Him now come down from the cross, and we will believe Him. He trusted in God; let Him deliver Him now if He will have Him; for He said, ‘I am the Son of God.’” ” (Matthew 27:35, 37-43).

“Then one of the criminals who were hanged blasphemed Him, saying, “If You are the Christ, save Yourself and us.” But the other, answering, rebuked him, saying, “Do you not even fear God, seeing you are under the same condemnation? And we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward of our deeds; but this Man has done nothing wrong.” Then he said to Jesus, “Lord, remember me when You come into Your kingdom.” And Jesus said to him, “Assuredly, I say to you, today you will be with Me in Paradise.”” (Luke 23:39-43)

First, let us note that we know little of the background of the thief. We know that he believed that his punishment was just. He knew he was a thief and he was willing to acknowledge that it was wrong. We also know that this thief knew of Jesus’ teachings. Think about what the man had said to Jesus, “Lord, remember me when You come into Your kingdom.” Jesus was dying on a cross right beside him! Yet the thief understood that Jesus would be receiving a kingdom and apparently he understood that it was a spiritual kingdom (John 18:36). Somehow I don’t think this thief gained this depth of knowledge during the short time he was hanging on the cross with the Lord.

Hence, we arrive at the second notable item. The Scripture does not record for us whether the thief had been baptized. We know that John had been baptizing in Judea for several years and the gospel of John also relates, “After these things Jesus and His disciples came into the land of Judea, and there He remained with them and baptized” (John 3:22). At little later in John we find, “Therefore, when the Lord knew that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John (though Jesus Himself did not baptize, but His disciples), He left Judea and departed again to Galilee” (John 4:1-3). A large number of people have been baptized, so we cannot state with certainty that the thief was not baptized. However, given that he was an admitted thief, it does seem unlikely, unless he was one of those who fell back into the ways of the world after becoming a follower.

We must also acknowledge that Jesus is the Lord. As the Son of God, he had the authority to make exceptions. As Matthew records, “And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth.” (Matthew 28:18).

Another item of interest is that people point to the thief’s salvation because he acknowledged his belief in Jesus, but I know of no one who claim the remainder of the circumstances of this man’s salvation must also be followed. After all, this man hung on a cross besides the Son of God. In order for you or I to be saved like the thief, would we not also need the opportunity to hang on a cross beside the Lord? Of course, that cannot happen because Jesus is now enthroned in Heaven. “But this Man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down at the right hand of God, from that time waiting till His enemies are made His footstool. For by one offering He has perfected forever those who are being sanctified” (Hebrews 10:12-14). While we can express our faith as the thief did, we cannot match the remainder of the thief’s situation.

Finally, we must understand that at the time of the thief’s salvation, the new covenant had not been inaugurated. “And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. For where there is a testament, there must also of necessity be the death of the testator. For a testament is in force after men are dead, since it has no power at all while the testator lives” (Hebrews 9:15-17). How the thief gained salvation prior to the death of Jesus and the beginning of the new covenant does not impact how people are saved now that the new covenant is in force.

The Scriptures consistently teach that salvation is only through Christ. “Nor is there salvation in any other, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved” (Acts 4:12). Jesus warns that the way to heaven is narrow. “Enter by the narrow gate; for wide is the gate and broad is the way that leads to destruction, and there are many who go in by it. Because narrow is the gate and difficult is the way which leads to life, and there are few who find it” (Matthew 7:13-14). In pointing out the unity of Christianity, Paul stated, “There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all” (Ephesians 4:4-6). Notice this. There is only one church. There is only one faith. There is only one baptism. The Bible does not teach that there are multiple roads to heaven. It emphasizes that there is only one. Rather than looking for a possible exception to the rule, does it not make sense that we would strive to follow the rule?”

Objections to the Essentiality of Baptism for Salvation
by Abraham Smith

The Bible is very clear in its teaching on baptism’s role in our salvation. It is an act of obedience that is required of us by God “for the remission of sins” (Acts 2:38). The Bible does not teach that baptism is “an outward sign of inward grace.” Neither does the Bible teach the doctrine of “baptismal regeneration” which says that baptism is the only thing involved in our salvation. There are other conditions of pardon, which are faith, repentance, and confession of Christ (Romans 10:9,10; Luke 13:3).

We do not have the right to question what the Lord demands. We must be obedient according to the instruction to Samuel, “Speak, LORD, for Your servant hears” (I Samuel 3:9), and obedient like Jesus who said, “not My will, but Yours, be done” (Luke 22:42). If we want to do the will of the Lord, we will submit to the teaching of the Bible by being baptized for the reason that the Bible gives.

However, there are some of us who still have reservations and objections to the teaching of such passages as Acts 2:38 and Acts 22:16. In addition to these passages, Romans 6:3-4 and Galatians 3:26-27 teach that scriptural baptism puts one into Christ and 1 Peter 3:21 says baptism doth also now save us. Let’s examine some of the most common objections people have to the essentiality of baptism to salvation:

“The Bible says that we are not saved by works (Eph. 2:8,9; Rom. 11:6; Titus 3:5). If baptism is essential to salvation, salvation would be of works.”

We are no more saved by works than a man with a broke back, broken legs, and down in a deep well could save himself by his own actions. But someone might drop down a rope to him with a hook on the end with instructions for him to hook it to his belt and they would pull him out. If he “obeys” their instructions, could he “boast” that by his own actions he had “saved” himself? Of course not! But was his obedience essential to his “salvation” from the well? Yes! Even so, we do not earn our salvation when we obey God. But obedience is clearly essential to man’s salvation (Hebrews 5:9; II Thessalonians 1:7-8).

“We are saved by grace through faith. It is a gift of God. Gifts are free. If baptism is required to be saved, then salvation is no longer a gift.”

Gifts are free but our reception of them is often conditional upon things that we must do in accepting them. For instance, I read the writings of a preacher who having endorsed the above objection, said, “I have some free literature I want to send....All you need do to receive your free literature is fill out the decision form on the following page and mail it to me.” But we cannot receive this “free gift” until we “fill out the decision form” and “mail it.” If he and others can see that though his gift is free yet there are conditions to be met (”fill out the decision form” and “mail it”) , then why is it so difficult to see that God’s gift of salvation is also free but there is the condition of obedience that must be met which includes baptism “for the remission of sins”?

“The thief on the cross was saved without being baptized.”

Those who make this statement do not know whether the thief was baptized previously by John or not (Mark 1:4-5). We might as well contend that Moses, Noah, and others (who lived and died before Jesus’ statements of Mark 16:15-16) were saved without the baptism that is “in the name of Christ.” Noah and Moses were not required to be baptized in the name of Christ (in essence by the authority of Christ, Matthew 28:18-20). But today, we are required!

However, those who lived before Jesus’ death were required to be obedient to be saved. A rich young ruler came running to the Lord and asked, “Good Teacher, what shall I do that I may inherit eternal life?” What did Jesus tell him, believe only? No, but He said to him, “You know the commandments: “Do not commit adultery,’ “Do not murder,’ “Do not steal,’ “Do not bear false witness,’ “Do not defraud,’ “Honor your father and your mother”” (Mark 10:17-19). In like manner, we must be obedient also in order to inherit eternal life.

“On many occasions, Jesus told individuals that their faith saved them. He did not say their baptism saved them.”

Neither did He say “your faith independent of obedience saved you.” No one denies that we are saved by faith. The issue is by faith when are we saved? The answer is seen in the great chapter of faith, Hebrews 11. Saving faith is illustrated by several examples which includes Noah (Hebrews 11:7) and the fall of the walls of Jericho (Hebrews 11:30). Of Noah it is said by faith he “prepared an ark for the saving of his household” Noah was saved by faith and the walls of Jericho fell by faith, after they were obedient. Even so, our faith will not save us until we complete our obedience in baptism (I Peter 3:21).

“If you believe baptism is essential to salvation, then baptism is your saviour and not Christ.”

If that is the case, then we can say of those who walked around the walls of Jericho that “walking” was their saviour and not the Lord! When Noah prepared an ark for the saving of his household, was the ark his saviour or the Lord? This objection is simply absurd “reasoning.”

“What if an honest man, who had heard the gospel and believed it, was on his way to be baptized but a stick fell on his head and killed him? Would not this example demonstrate that baptism is not essential?”

What if the honest man was on his way to hear about Christ and a stick fell on his head and killed him before he had a chance to hear and believe? Would this “example” demonstrate that faith is not essential to salvation? We should not determine the teaching of the Bible by “examples” conjured up within our imagination! Let us trust with all our hearts what the Lord said in his word about baptism and “lean not on your own understanding” (Proverbs 3:5).

“There are many passages like Romans 10:9,10 which tells us what to do to be saved but say nothing about baptism.”

And there are “many” such passages like Romans 10:9-10 which say nothing about repentance. Is repentance therefore not essential because it is not specifically mentioned? Of course not. We must accept every conditional term of salvation taught in every passage.

“The meaning of Acts 2:38 is that we are baptized ‘because’ our sins are already remitted. That is what the word ‘for’ means in that verse.”

If that is the meaning of the word “for” (”eis” in the Greek), then none of the hundreds of scholars throughout the ages knew it because none of them have translated “eis” as “because of”!

In Matthew 26:28, Jesus said His blood “is shed for many for the remission of sins.” The phrase “for the remission of sins” is the same in the Greek and English. Whatever it means in Matthew 26:28 is what it means in Acts 2:38. How could the Holy Spirit have made that any plainer? Is it possible that Jesus shed his blood “because” we already have the remission of sins? Of course not!

“Cornelius received the Holy Spirit before he was baptized, thus he must have been saved before he was baptized (Acts 10:44-48).”

If Cornelius was saved before he was baptized, he was saved before he had faith. Peter began preaching the message of salvation in Acts 10:34 ending in Acts 10:43. The text tells us that while he spoke those words the Holy Spirit fell upon them. The text of Acts 10 does not tell at what point the Holy Spirit fell upon them but only “while Peter was still speaking these words.” However, in Acts 11 where “Peter explained...in order from the beginning” what had happened in Acts 10, we read how he was told by Cornelius that an angel had instructed him to send for Peter “who will tell you words by which you and all your household will be saved” (Acts 11:14). Let us pause to digest this. Cornelius was to hear “words by which you and all your household will be saved.” Then Peter said, “And as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them, as upon us at the beginning” (Acts 11:15). So the Holy Spirit fell upon them “as I began to speak” says Peter. So Cornelius had not heard the words of salvation at the point when the Holy Spirit fell upon him and his household.

Someone may ask, “Why was the gift of the Holy Spirit poured out on the Gentiles before conversion?” Answer: To persuade the Jews that the Gentiles should receive the same salvation as the Jews received. Those Jews who did not believe that Gentiles could receive the gospel had to be convinced by miracle that Gentiles could be saved through Jesus Christ the same as the Jews who obeyed the gospel. Please read Acts 10:44-48; 11:2, 3, 15-18.

Peter commanded these Gentiles “to be baptized in the name of the Lord.” And we must bear in mind that baptism “in the name of the Lord” is “for the remission of sins” (Acts 2:38).

“Paul said that Christ did not send him to baptize. If baptism is essential to salvation, then Christ did not send him to save people (1 Corinthians 1:17).”

The text refutes the above objection rather than supporting it. Paul’s statement simply reflects that the act of baptizing was not the primary thing he was sent to do. He did baptize some, but much like Jesus, others did the baptizing.

Paul criticized some for saying they were of Paul. He asked, “Was Paul crucified for you? Or were you baptized in the name of Paul?” In order for them to belong to Paul, they would need to answer “yes” to Paul’s questions. This means that in order for us to belong to (be “of”) Christ, Christ must have been crucified for us and we must be baptized in His name (I Corinthians 1:12,13).

“Before I was baptized, one night, when I was praying, I felt God’s presence as he spoke to my heart. Right then I knew I was saved.”

Such an objection is contrary to the teaching of I Peter 1:22. It says, “Since you have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit in sincere love of the brethren, love one another fervently with a pure heart...” We only know that we are saved by knowing we have “have purified your souls in obeying the truth.” I John 2:4 says, “He that saith, I know him, and keepeth not his commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him.”

How we feel does not prove anything about our salvation (Proverbs 14:12). Our feelings are a product of what we believe. If we believe the wrong things, we feel the wrong things. Jacob erroneously believed his son Joseph was dead (Genesis 37:26-27,31-35). Thus he had sorrow in his heart. In like manner, if we erroneously believe that salvation is obtained in any other way than what we read in Acts 2:38 and other passages, then our feeling of salvation rests upon that error and not the truth we need to obey.

Perhaps there is someone who, upon reading this message, may have sorrow in recognizing he has not complied with the conditions of obedience taught in the Bible. That person may be like I was many years ago. I had previously asked Jesus to come into my heart. I “felt” at that time He did. I had been unscripturally baptized believing that I was already saved. But when I learned the truth, I “obeyed from the heart that form of doctrine” (Romans 6:16-17). It was through my obedience to that “form of doctrine” that I was freed from sin. Part of that obedience was being baptized “for the remission of sins” which put me in Christ Jesus. That is what the Bible says (Romans 6:3; Acts 2:38). When we do this, we will have the joy of salvation that rests upon truth and not emotions.

It is not my fault that many religious leaders are not teaching these precepts taught in the Bible. That is to their shame! It is important to teach who Jesus is. But it is equally important to teach and follow what He says (Matthew 7:21).

The Washing of Regeneration
by Jim Ward
via The Lost River Bulletin, Vol. 58, No. 4, September 2008.

The denominational world has spent centuries trying to oust baptism from God’s plan of salvation. One of the most common efforts centers on works. Notice this argument in syllogistic form:

First Premise: Works do not save: (Titus 3:4-6).
Second Premise: Baptism is a work.
Conclusion: Therefore, baptism does not save.

Through this argument appears sound, it has a flaw: the Second Premise is not true; Scripture does not teach that baptism is a work. In order for a conclusion to be true, BOTH premises must be true.

Now consider this counter argument:

First Premise: Works do not save (Titus 3:4-6)
Second Premis: Baptism saves (I Peter 3:21)
Conclusion: Therefore, baptism is not a work.

In this case, since both premises are Scriptural, the conclusion is true, and it directly rebuts the Second Premise — and thus the conclusion — of the above syllogism. But if baptism is not a work, what is it? There are several Biblical answers to this question, but we will focus upon just two:

Baptism is a tool or instrument which God uses to save sinners: The core of Paul’s long sentence in Titus 3:4-7 is “He (i.e., God) saved us” (vs. 5). Verse 6 then declares the means by which God saves: “the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit.” What is this “washing of regeneration”? Let’s notice the comments of several scholars:

Marvin R. Vincent
“The phrase ‘laver of generation’ distinctly refers to baptism, in connection with which and through which as a medium regeneration is conceived as taking place. Compare Rom. 6:3-5. It is true that nothing is said of faith; but baptism implies faith on the part of its recipient. It has no regenerting effect apart from faith; and the renewing of the Holy Spirit is not bestowed if faith be wanting” (Vincent’s Word Studies in the New Testament, pg. 108).

R.C.H. Lenski
“God saved us by means of baptism. Baptism is a bath of regeneration and renewing, in both of which the Holy Spirit is the actor. That is why God could use baptism as such a means (dia), why baptism is by no means a mere symbol or picture but a true means of divine grace...To reject baptism is to confess the absence of regeneration” (St. Paul’s Epistle to Titus, pp. 935,936).

Newport J.D. White
“God saved us by Baptism, which involves two complementary processes, (a) the ceremony itself which marks the actual moment in time of new birth, and (b) the daily, hourly, momently renewing of the Holy Spirit...” (The Expositor’s Greek Testament. p. 198).

G.R. Beasley-Murray
In answering the question of whether baptism is in Titus 3:5, Dr. Beasley-Murray said, “Of the commentators who have written on these Epistles, I can find but one who denies it.” Later in this same discussion, he says, “God saved us through baptism...’that we migh become heirs of life eternal’” (Baptism in the New Testament, pp. 209,216).

Clearly, these scholars believe that the phrase “washing of regeneration” refers to baptism. Thus, they conclude, it is unavoidable that God saves us through baptism, which makes it His work, not ours.

Baptism is an unavoidable expression of faith in the working of God
This is our second answer to the question, “If baptism is not a work, what is it?” To say it another way, faith is not faith without baptism (nor, by the way, is baptism truly baptism without faith). Notice a segment of the earlier quotation from Vincent: “It is true that nothing is said of faith (in Titus 3:5 — jww) but baptism implies faith on the part of its recipient. It has no regenerating effect apart from faith; and the renewing of the Holy Spirit is not bestowed if faith be wanting.” Anyone who rejects baptism and the place God has given it in salvation does not have the kind of faith that saves. In a practical way, this means that those who are baptized with a grasp of God’s teaching on the subject do not trust in water or in their own merit, but in the grace and working of God. The regeneration and renewal of Titus 3:5 are OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. This truth is echoed in numerous other passages:

Colossians 2:12: the Colossians were buried with Christ in baptism and “raised with Him THROUGH FAITH IN THE WORKING OF GOD.”

John 3:5: Jesus told Nicodemus that the new birth could be accomplished only through water and the Spirit.

Acts 22:16: The washing away of sins relies upon calling on (i.e. trusting in) the name of the Lord.

I Corinthians 6:11: The Corinthians were washed, sanctified, justified, in the name of Jesus and by the Spirit of our God.

I Peter 3:21: Baptism saves us through the resurrection of Jesus Christ.

The denominational world is so intent on making baptism a work of man’s righteousness that it misses the fact that it is a work of God’s righteousness. In baptism we confess our sins and our helplessness to deal with them. In baptism we declare our complete dependence upon God. In baptism we make “an appeal to God for a clear conscience” (I Peter 3:21). Far from betraying trust in self, baptism reveals an absolute trust in God. He saves us by His mercy and justifies us by His grace.

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