"According to the US Census of 1860, there were only 64 slaves in all of the "Free" States and Territories in that year: 29 in Utah Territory, 15 in Nebraska Territory, 2 in Kansas Territory, and 18 in New Jersey. New Jersey had abolished slavery and the New Jersey slaves had the right to freedom but were too old or sick or otherwise unemployable to voluntarily abandon the security of their status. Of course, there were 432,586 slaves in the slave-owning "Southern" states and territories that remained loyal to the Union, including Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri and the New Mexico Territory. But in no case can these border states and territories be described as "up north."
Walt