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[Michael.SF.]

This is soooo confusing. Are they owed reparations (they are Black), or do they need to pay them (since they owned slaves)?

[Sparta]

Up until the Union occupation, New Orleans's economic life was nearly dominated by Creoles.(White and black mixed) It was only with Yankee inspired segregation that the Creoles were displaced by the carpetbaggers and other swine.

[STONEWALLS]

"Some were free, educated, owned businesses and were part of the economy in the South."

..much of the high-skill labor in the ante-bellum South was black....some were free; some were slave..they did excellent work..our church was built in 1835 and a lot of slave labor went into it....I know this to be true because my g.g.grandfather's slaves dug the foundation and laid it up in granite....168 years later that church is still plumb, level and in square...

[thatdewd]

The journalist who came up with the article's title must not be very familiar with history. There are a number of books documenting pro-Confederate free blacks in the South, many of whom were slaveowners. It's no secret and never has been, except to modern "historians" and their victims.

[Ditto]

"When the Civil War started, he said about 40 percent of the Confederate South was black and between 50 to 7 percent or a quarter of a million of those blacks were free. "In many cases, they had five to 10 generations of freedom," said Jones. He said some also had slaves."

Total BS. There were less than 250,000 free blacks in the entire nation in 1860, and only 70,000 in all of the states of the Confederacy combined. Nearly half of those were in Virginia.

Here's the data.

---------------------------------------------------------

1860 State Level Census Data -- Sorted by State/County Name
"M" represents data not available

Find Proportions
Select enumerator(s)

---

Select a denominator

Add New Variables

Resort Data

AscendingDescending

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At the county level, labels may overlap for more than 50 counties

New Census Year

See County Data

State	TOTAL NO. OF FREE COLORED FEMALES	TOTAL NO. OF SLAVES
ALABAMA	1,436	435,080
ARKANSAS	72	111,115
CALIFORNIA	1,259	M
CONNECTICUT	4,491	M
DELAWARE	9,940	1,798
FLORIDA	478	61,745
GEORGIA	1,831	462,198
ILLINOIS	3,819	M
INDIANA	5,637	M
IOWA	503	M
KANSAS	339	2
KENTUCKY	5,583	225,483
LOUISIANA	10,368	331,726
MAINE	668	M
MARYLAND	44,196	87,189
MASSACHUSETTS	5,133	M
MICHIGAN	3,232	M
MINNESOTA	133	M
MISSISSIPPI	401	436,631
MISSOURI	1,875	114,931
NEBRASKA	32	15
NEVADA	10	M
NEW HAMPSHIRE	241	M
NEW JERSEY	13,006	M
NEW YORK	25,827	M
NORTH CAROLINA	15,583	331,059
OHIO	18,231	M
OREGON	52	M
PENNSYLVANIA	30,476	M
RHODE ISLAND	2,121	M
SOUTH CAROLINA	5,366	402,406
TENNESSEE	3,762	275,719
TEXAS	174	182,566
VERMONT	338	M
VIRGINIA	30,321	490,865
WISCONSIN	518	M
Select states from the list above, then:	247,452	3,950,528

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Source: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. Study 00003: Historical Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: U.S., 1790-1970. Anne Arbor: ICPSR. More information is available from ICPSR.

If you find errors or inconsistencies in any data, please send email indicating which state and county you found suspect and for which year.

Source: http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/censusbin/census/cen.pl?year=860