However, in other areas, such as in Texas, New Mexico and parts of California, the countryside is unable to support pasture, even under the best condition. Even so, many dairyman in other parts of the country have abandoned traditional production practices, because they do not think they are getting enough for their product. As a rule, they are moving to much larger herds without expanding their acreage.
In many of these "modern" operations, the cows are actually kept enclosed in an open-air enclosure with a concrete floor. Feed and bedding are provided within the structure. Because the concrete floor is kind of hard on the hooves of a cow, they spend alot of time off their feet. Several times a day, the floor is flushed with water, washing off the manure.
Sometimes the cows are allowed to go out into a paddocked area or actually kept outside, but there are so many cows kept in such a confined area, the cows denude whatever acreage they've got and there is generally no pasture to speak of.
All of this puts alot of stress on animals that are kind of high strung to begin with under the best of conditions. This stress among other factors generally leads to higher levels of mastitis. In addition, the cows are pumped up with alot of chemicals and hormones which no doubt cancontribute to the higher incidence of mastitis in these large herds not kept on pasture.
Producers with these large herds can lower their per unit cost of milk and thereby increase their bottom line in the short term. However, they have really high cull rates. In other words, alot of their cows just die of exhaustion and get sold for hamburger.
By the way, the largest buyer of culled dairy cows are large buyers such as McDonalds. None of the dairymen I know of would dare eat a McDonalds hamburger cause they know whats in it.
As a result, the missus and I try to get our milk from local folks who either milk goats or milk a family cow and have excess milk. We usually end up spending less on a gallon of milk than you would spend at the store for a gallon of processed. The taste and quality are unparalleled. And we NEVER eat at McDonalds.