What on EARTH are you talking about? A .308 Winchester (7.62 NATO) will not chamber in a Russian 7.62x54 rifle, and vice-versa. The latter cartridge has a rimmed case. Compared side by side, there's no similarity except that they're both pointy.
Okay, I'm fleeing this discussion. :)
Well, the bullets are copper-jacketed, and the casings are brass...
Just a little more similarity :o)