Posted on 09/26/2002 11:51:22 PM PDT by seeker41
Bush Administration Prepares to Offer Vaccine to Public
WASHINGTON (AP) - Moving aggressively to steel the nation against bioterrorism, the Bush administration is preparing to offer the effective but risky smallpox vaccine to every American before an attack ever occurs. The decision, which goes well beyond earlier thinking, stems from practical and philosophical concerns including the looming war with Iraq and the fact that, for the first time in decades, the government will have enough vaccine on hand to inoculate everyone.
Just three months ago, federal advisers were recommending that only select hospital workers get the smallpox vaccine, maybe 20,000 total. Now Bush administration officials say that eventually, it will be offered to all 280 million Americans. The questions being debated are how fast and under what circumstances, according to three officials involved in the planning.
Experts don't know if the nation will ever be attacked with smallpox, which kills one-third of its victims. Eradicated from nature two decades ago, it is still feared as a bioterror agent. But the vaccine itself carries rare but serious risks, including death, complicating any decision to inoculate people absent a certain risk.
The Bush administration has yet to make final decisions or announce plans for what is called "pre-attack" smallpox vaccination. But administration officials say the consensus is to begin vaccinating those at greatest risk of encountering a highly contagious smallpox patient, such as hospital emergency room workers. That could total a half million people. Then the vaccine would be offered to non-hospital health workers, such as primary care doctors, and to police, firefighters and other emergency workers.
At some point after that, it would be offered to the general public.
"You start with one group and based on their potential risk, you keep expanding," one administration official said Thursday, speaking on condition of anonymity.
But it hasn't been decided how many people will get vaccinated during the first wave of shots, or how long it will take to offer them to everyone.
At issue, officials say, are important details such as who should get the vaccine while it's still an experimental drug, which requires a lengthy procedure to ensure that people understand and accept the risks. One option is to wait until the vaccine is fully licensed by the Food and Drug Administration before offering the vaccine widely, which could take a couple of years.
Another unanswered question is liability - how to compensate people injured by the experimental vaccine.
Made from a live virus, the vaccine itself is risky, particularly for people with certain skin diseases and weak immune systems. Studies from the 1960s suggest one or two people per million inoculated will die. About one in 1,000 will face complications, some serious, including a severe skin rash or encephalitis that may kill or cause permanent neurological damage.
Other issues are logistical, such as how states and cities prepare large vaccination clinics and train people to give the shots. Another point: how to deal with people who get sick from the vaccine and the publicity likely to surround such an incident.
Those questions get more complicated as the number of people vaccinated increases.
No matter how these questions are resolved, the administration's direction represents a remarkable shift in thinking in a very short time, say experts both in and out of government. The reasons, they say, are practical, political and philosophical.
Immediately after last fall's anthrax attacks concentrated attention on bioterrorism, mass vaccinations were not considered because there wasn't enough vaccine: only 15.4 million doses in storage with another 40 million on order.
Since then, researchers have determined that by diluting the 15.4 million doses, 75 million people can be inoculated. A drug company found another 86 million doses in its freezer and donated them to the government. And the Department of Health and Human Services signed or expanded contracts for 209 million new doses, which should arrive early next year.
The new shipments bring a natural pressure to offer the vaccine. Newspaper editorials and leading voices, including Sen. Bill Frist, R-Tenn., a physician, have argued that people should be allowed to weigh the risks and decide for themselves whether to be vaccinated.
"What if you do have an attack and people die and you had something you could have given them, how do you answer that?" a second administration official said.
On top of that looms possible war with Iraq. All smallpox was supposed to be destroyed except for samples kept in special labs in Atlanta and Moscow, but experts fear that hostile states including Iraq have it.
"We're very worried about Iraq," said Dr. D.A. Henderson, a top HHS bioterrorism adviser. "Why is Saddam Hussein pushing ahead with weapons of mass destruction if at some point he is not going to use them? It's certainly got to be a factor in all of this."
Another factor: Officials are realizing how complicated it will be to vaccinate large numbers of people quickly after a smallpox attack. This week, federal officials gave states guidelines for mass vaccinations after an attack; most cities are far from ready.
If there were an attack, mass vaccinations would be significantly easier if many people are already protected. Some argue aggressive vaccinations might even deter an attack.
A decision had been expected by the end of September, but officials now say it's not expected until next month.
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On the Net:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention smallpox page: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/Agent/Smallpox/SmallpoxGen.asp
i'm having trouble filtering out all the extraneous interests involved... lotsa politics and business lobbies involved.
after all, the entire "swine flu" inoculation party was predicated on the CDC projecting 1 death and 14 illnesses at Fort Dix
into a monster pandemic... and leading to over 40 million folks being vaccinated
That a great number of health professionals looked at their previous plan and said it was wacky :)
When I was a kid, the smallpox vaccination was mandatory. The problems were minimal. It just doesn't make any sense to wait until the last minute.
It doesn't need to be mandatory. If you make it voluntary, eventually so many people will opt for the vaccine that a herd immunity will develop. It just doesn't make sense to wait until you have to try to rush to do it.
I'm curious to see how the medical personnel, police, and firemen react. Will it be voluntary for them too, or are employers going to demand it? This may get interesting.
I have the same questions. Is this new vaccine more risky than the one we received as children? I remember getting my vaccination in the school cafiteria - no one gave it a thought. Also, my children have all of their required vaccinations now and I have had to sign waivers for each and every one of them stating that I understand the risks. Are some of the the current vacinations, (perhaps the MMR - Measles, Mumps, Rubella)more risky than the smallpox vacine? Shoot, my kids even have chickenpox and hepatitis vaccinations.
These real-life lessons on biology and history beat the heck out of sitting in school pasting macaroni to construction paper, reading something I had already been taught at home, and watching the kid on the far side of the room wipe boogers on seat in front of him. ; )
Article says risk of death or other severe reaction to the smallpox vacine is one out of every thousand. That is 1/10 of one percent. Same as DPT.
BTW, relatively few of those included in that 1/10 of a percent are deaths. Most are skin rashes followed by encephalitis and/or paralysis.
When asked about possible attacks from Iraq, he stated, among other things, that they were prepared to innoculate their population against things they know Hussein has.
It was a very interesting comment because they are preparing the smallpox vaccine in Israel.
Unfortunately it wouldn't be too hard for them to have smallpox. All they'd have had to have done was save some skin or tissue or blankets etc...from a former victim of the disease.
The Camelpox would most likely be used as the model system for weaponization.
and what does he already know. Lots.
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