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Is there an objective study on which approaches have worked in the past? How successful was Congressman Danny Davis with the Vicelords/Disciples, his sole duty his 1st 10 years at the YMCA? (Then in the 70's promoting HMOs as the solution to healthcare was his #1 priority.)
In Chicago during that same period, I turned gangbangers "political" working against Mayor Daley's machine. For going political, some got shot in the back by the political police rather than another gangbanger. Fifth City/Ecumenical Institute had a liberal Christian Social Gospel and tons of money. Dick Gleason had no money; but tons of passion. Randy Baker.... ICI..... There have been literally thousands of programs just in Chicago alone.
Looking back on how those youth turned out, which programs did best? I would rank Danny Davis' efforts at the bottom. He was/is well intentioned. But he is totally clueless on unintended consequences. He was so easily conned.