Germany from the early 1920s and Iraq from the early 1990s did all they could to rearm and make secret preparations to continue the fight. Both ever more aggressively breached the restrictions the international community imposed on them, whether by secretly building submarines or playing games with UN weapons inspectors. Both could have been stopped earlier by more resolute action, the one by Britain and France, the other by Bill Clinton. Both Saddam and Hitler demonstrated a fondness for chemical weapons and saw Jews as part of the problem.