[lentulusgracchus]

Where in the constitution does it indicate that state laws take precedence over constitutional ones?

State laws don't -- even if someone thought they did, and said so, erroneously.

But the People can, and did.

[Frumious Bandersnatch]

But the People can, and did.

Firstly, you'll note that the issue was not "People's rights," but with state's rights.

The 9th amendment makes it clear that the enumeration of certain rights in the constitution shall not be construed to deny or disparage others to the people.

Individuals can separate themselves by leaving the country.  The people as a body can even move from the country in question (this was done by several large groups of people), but the people have no more right to dissolve a state's obligations to the Union than a state does.  Your arguments would only begin to make sense if we were a democracy.