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WHY A HIGH SOCIETY IS A FREE SOCIETY
The Guardian UK ^ | 5/19/02 | A C Grayling

Posted on 05/18/2002 7:44:57 PM PDT by LarryLied

One measure of a good society is whether its individual members have the autonomy to do as they choose in respects that principally concern only them. The debate about heroin, cocaine and marijuana touches precisely on this. In my submission, a society in which such substances are legal and available is a good society not because drugs are in themselves good, but because the autonomy of those who wish to use them is respected. For other and broader reasons, many of them practical, such a society will be a better one.

I have never taken drugs other than alcohol, nicotine, caffeine and medicinal drugs. Of these, I have for many years not taken the two former. I think it is inimical to a good life to be dependent for pleasure and personal fulfilment on substances which gloss or distort reality and interfere with rationality; and yet I believe that heroin, cocaine, marijuana, ecstasy and cognates of these should be legal and available in exactly the same way as nicotine and alcohol.

In logic is no difference between legal and currently illegal drugs. Both are used for pleasure, relief from stress or anxiety, and 'holidaying' from normal life, and both are, in different degrees, dangerous to health. Given this, consistent policy must do one of two things: criminalise the use of nicotine and alcohol, in order to bring them in line with currently illegal substances; or legalise currently illegal substances under the same kinds of regime that govern nicotine and alcohol.

On civil liberties grounds the latter policy is preferable because there is no justification in a good society for policing behaviour unless, in the form of rape, murder, theft, riot or fraud, it is intrinsically damaging to the social fabric, and involves harm to unwilling third parties. Good law protects in these respects; bad law tries to coerce people into behaving according to norms chosen by people who claim to know and to do better than those for whom they legislate. But the imposition of such norms is an injustice. By all means let the disapprovers argue and exhort; giving them the power to coerce and punish as well is unacceptable.

Arguments to the effect that drugs should be kept illegal to protect children fall by the same token. On these grounds, nicotine and alcohol should be banned too. In fact there is greater danger to children from the illegality of drugs.

Almost everyone who wishes to try drugs, does so; almost everyone who wishes to make use of drugs does it irrespective of their legal status. Opponents say legalisation will lead to unrestrained use and abuse. Yet the evidence is that where laws have been relaxed there is little variation in frequency or kind of use.

The classic example is Prohibition in the USA during the 1920s. (The hysteria over alcohol extended to other drugs; heroin was made illegal in the USA in 1924, on the basis of poor research on its health risks and its alleged propensity to cause insanity and criminal behaviour.) Prohibition created a huge criminal industry. The end of Prohibition did not result in a frenzy of drinking, but did leave a much-enhanced crime problem, because the criminals turned to substances which remained illegal, and supplied them instead.

Crime destabilises society. Gangland rivalry, the use of criminal organisations to launder money, to fund terrorism and gun-running, to finance the trafficking of women and to buy political and judicial influence all destabilise the conditions for a good society far beyond such problems as could be created by private individuals' use of drugs. If drugs were legally and safely available through chemist shops, and if their use was governed by the same provisions as govern alcohol purchase and consumption, the main platform for organised crime would be removed, and thereby one large obstacle to the welfare of society.

It would also remove much petty crime, through which many users fund their habit. If addiction to drugs were treated as a medical rather than criminal matter, so that addicts could get safe, regular supplies on prescription, the crime rate would drop dramatically, as argued recently by certain police chiefs.

The safety issue is a simple one. Paracetemol is more dangerous than heroin. Taking double the standard dose of paracetemol, a non-prescription analgesic, can be dangerous. Taking double the standard medical dose of heroin (diamorphine) causes sleepiness and no lasting effects.

A good society should be able to accommodate practices which are not destructive of social bonds (in the way that theft, rape, murder and other serious crimes are), but mainly have to do with private behaviour. In fact, a good society should only interfere in private behaviour in extremis.

Until a century ago, now-criminal substances were legal and freely available. Some (opium in the form of laudanum) were widely used. Just as some people are damaged by misuse of alcohol, so a few were adversely affected by misuses of other drugs. Society as a whole was not adversely affected by the use of drugs; but it was benefited by the fact that it did not burden itself with a misjudged, unworkable and paternalistic endeavour to interfere with those who chose to use drugs.

The place of drugs in the good society is not about the drugs as such, but rather the freedom and the value to individuals and their society of openness to experimentation and alternative behaviours and lifestyles. The good society is permissive, seeking to protect third parties from harm but not presuming to order people to take this or that view about what is in their own good.



TOPICS: Constitution/Conservatism; Culture/Society; Editorial; Government; United Kingdom
KEYWORDS: drugs; wod; wodlist
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To: headsonpikes
Wasn't it George Orwell who coined the phrase "think in slogans and talk in bullets"?

Russell Kirk said, "In his march toward Utopia, the ideologue is merciless....The radical reformer, proclaiming himself omniscient, strikes down every rival, to arrive at the Terrestrial Paradise more swiftly."

1,141 posted on 05/23/2002 12:58:35 PM PDT by Roscoe
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To: eno_
No, but an amendment to allow legislation. I suppose you think it is OK the way the EPA makes up the law as it goes?

The EPA creates regulations to implement Congressional legislation.

Read a book.

1,142 posted on 05/23/2002 1:00:41 PM PDT by Roscoe
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To: Roscoe
So you think legislation that gives an unelected and unaccountable regulator as open-ended authority as the EPA has to say what is legal or illegal is OK? That it does not violate separation of powers, among other things? Some very strange kind of conservative you are!

Ah but then you like affirmative action, too.

1,143 posted on 05/23/2002 1:09:26 PM PDT by eno_
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To: MrRepublic
What if someone grew cannabis on their own property, for their private use only?
1,144 posted on 05/23/2002 1:09:56 PM PDT by stuartcr
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To: headsonpikes
roscoe is a statist.
1,145 posted on 05/23/2002 1:12:13 PM PDT by galt-jw
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To: stuartcr
What if someone grew cannabis on their own property, for their private use only?
Even the EPA has enough shame to restrain itself from regulating waterways that do not connect to waterways that connect to waterways that cross state lines. If the EPA were run by Drug Warriors they would cite evaporation as justification for kicking your door down.
1,146 posted on 05/23/2002 1:12:35 PM PDT by eno_
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To: eno_
...open-ended authority as the EPA...

False.

1,147 posted on 05/23/2002 1:22:07 PM PDT by Roscoe
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To: Roscoe
It could have been Orwell.

I agree with Kirk's assessment, also.

Why is it that Rooseveltian American Socialist ideologues find a means to justify virtually every expansion of power by the modern, progressive, runaway buttinsky state?

It is your side of this debate that deals in metaphysical absolutes and utopian quests for 'drug-free' societies, and the like.

Admittedly, some libertarian 'ideologues' are impractical blissful ninnies, much like their counterparts in other parties, but a libertarian/conservative position certainly exists which is non-utopian, and rooted in real flesh-and-blood American Revolutionary history and tradition.

1,148 posted on 05/23/2002 1:38:34 PM PDT by headsonpikes
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To: Roscoe
So you think legislation that gives an unelected and unaccountable regulator as open-ended authority as the EPA has to say what is legal or illegal is OK? That it does not violate separation of powers, among other things? Some very strange kind of conservative you are!

Ah but then you like affirmative action, too. -1143

...open-ended authority as the EPA...

False. - Roscoe

Belied by your own comment at #1047.

Roscoe, you are NOT a conservative. - You are a socialist & a statist, as you admit with your every post here.

1,149 posted on 05/23/2002 1:38:58 PM PDT by tpaine
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To: headsonpikes
"If a man speculates on what "society" should do for the poor [or any other group], he accepts thereby the collectivist premise that mens lives belong to society and that HE, as a member of society, has the right to dispose of them, to set their goals or to plan the "distribution of their efforts."

Ayn Rand, The Virtue of Selfishness

1,150 posted on 05/23/2002 1:45:01 PM PDT by galt-jw
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To: headsonpikes
your side of this debate that deals in metaphysical absolutes

trust me, roscoe et al do NOT deal in metaphysical absolutes. freedom and liberty are metaphysical absolutes (not anarchy). ask him if he is a statist: if he answered correctly, he would know that he subscribes to collectivized ethics. rights are priveledges granted by the state, which depends on which gang has voted their gang into office. therefore, when he sites sc decisions, he is making this point. there ARE no absolutes, it is whatever the sc says that is a "right."

1,151 posted on 05/23/2002 1:51:08 PM PDT by galt-jw
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To: galt-jw
Every Socialist movement of the 20th C. defined itself as the blood enemy of every other Socialist movement of the time.

That covers 'page one' of their respective sacred texts.

The balance of these hateful works is interchangeable between the assorted ideologies. ;^)

So American Socialists occupy no different ground than their genocidal cousins abroad.

That is why American authoritarianism is so insidious; it wraps itself in patriotic robes whilst defiling the memories of those who died for American liberty.

1,152 posted on 05/23/2002 1:53:39 PM PDT by headsonpikes
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To: galt-jw
Roscoe's list of conservative values:

Affirmative action and racial shakedowns are fine.

The EPA does not have open-ended authority.

And, of course, the matter at hand: somehow, the Constitution can be stretched so far as to make it possible to do a no-knock raid (itself of dubious constitutionality) on your house for growing a non-toxic plant and smoking it.

Any bets he comes down on the "well regulated militia" side of the 2nd, too? So Roscoe, do we have an individual right to guns?

1,153 posted on 05/23/2002 1:56:59 PM PDT by eno_
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To: headsonpikes
and for someone who instructs others to read, he would do well to study totalitarian regimes and the way they rise, and Ayn Rand. Rand refutes it all from the ground up. individual liberties vs. collectivized ethics. pick one, its either or.
1,154 posted on 05/23/2002 1:57:16 PM PDT by galt-jw
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To: eno_
once you have established rights exist at the pleasure of the state, an absolute, the other rights will soon fall as well. this is the history of all totalitarian regimes. not secret info, however.
1,155 posted on 05/23/2002 1:59:36 PM PDT by galt-jw
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To: galt-jw;Roscoe
Roscoe is simply a practical man; he sides with TPTB.

He's hardly unusual in that respect.

What truly disappoints me about many conservatives on this site is that they don't want to be aware of the implicit socialist ideology that underlies so much contemporary American public social and economic policy.

So long as the government doesn't actually call it 'socialism', they're happy to support socialism all the live-long day!

1,156 posted on 05/23/2002 2:00:01 PM PDT by headsonpikes
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To: headsonpikes
they really have NO idea WHAT they are. if you want to ruffle feathers, point out liberty is absolute (not anarchy), and each party agrees the state is the source of rights, as they revoke them, they only differ on what rights to violate. the non intellectual, emotional, uneducated response is the same the libs and dems will spew forth, eg. roscoe, et al.
1,157 posted on 05/23/2002 2:04:04 PM PDT by galt-jw
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To: galt-jw
They are kind of like children in a way. They've been told there are "good guys" and "bad guys" and, without understanding what either group believes, they automatically root for the "good guys", which in their case is the government or whoever the government tells them is good. They confuse love of country with blind obedience.
1,158 posted on 05/23/2002 2:10:57 PM PDT by Dakmar
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To: headsonpikes
[Russell Kirk said, "In his march toward Utopia, the ideologue is merciless....The radical reformer, proclaiming himself omniscient, strikes down every rival, to arrive at the Terrestrial Paradise more swiftly."]

I agree with Kirk's assessment, also.

He wasn't praising you.

1,159 posted on 05/23/2002 2:24:26 PM PDT by Roscoe
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To: galt-jw
study totalitarian regimes and the way they rise, and Ayn Rand.

Cult studies.

1,160 posted on 05/23/2002 2:37:17 PM PDT by Roscoe
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