As I understand it, certain churches (Romanesque?) built to house important relics were also commonly octagonal in design.
The chapel at Mt. Savior Monastery in Elmira, NY is designed as cruciform (equal-arm) with an octagonal transept, deliberately, to bring to mind the Eighth "Day".
Finally, of course, the concept demonstrates that the early Church did not subscribe to a literal interpretation of Genesis, but that's a topic for another day.
Martyria were frequently of centralised design, and vice versa. Though this may have had something to do with a cultural memory of circular pagan tumuli, the centralised design also lent itself to theological interpretation, as you've already indicated.