I think you and I have different concepts of heaven and hell and judgement. Just so we are on the same page, can you tell me your understanding of the three?
If that is too broad a question, please give me one example of how a person gets sent to hell.
Shalom.
I expect that we do, since I am a Jew and you are a Christian.
Let me begin by saying that there is little fixed Jewish dogma on the afterlife. Judaism is more focused on how we live in this life than in what happens after it. We agree with Christians regarding the resurrection of the body; this is listed by Maimonides as one of his 13 Principles of Judaism. Another is a belief in divine reward and retribution. This reward and punishment can happen in this life or in the next.
What I will describe is the traditional Jewish belief on the afterlife. Not all Jews agree with this, and, as I said, it is not a matter of dogma, so aside from what I stated above Jews are free to have their own opinions.
The Christian concept of salvation from sin and damnation is not found in Judaism. "Salvation", for us, refers to being saved from the trials of this world (the freeing of our ancestors from bondage in Egypt, for example).
Furthermore, we do not believe that anyone needs to believe as we do or convert to Judaism in order to be 'saved'. We believe that the righteous of all nations will have a place in Olam Ha-Ba (the World to Come). In fact, potential converts are traditionally discouraged three times, in order to make sure they are really serious and understand the obligation to follow the Law that they would be undertaking.
Non-Jews are not bound to follow all the Law of the Torah. Jews believe that all mankind including gentiles are under the Covenant of Noah. The Seven Laws of Noah derived from the Torah are:
1) to establish courts of justice;
2) not to commit blasphemy;
3) not to commit idolatry;
4) not to commit incest and adultery;
5) not to commit murder;
6) not to steal; and
7) not to eat flesh cut from a living animal.
These seven basic laws can be found in the moral codes of almost all religions. Jews believe that gentiles who (intentionally or as a part of their own religious practice) follow these laws are righteous.
The Jewish concept of hell (Gehinnom) is more comparable to the Catholic concept of purgatory than to the traditional Christian concept of hell. It is a place of repentance and atonement. Traditional Jewish teaching says that almost no one stays there longer than one year, after which time they ascend to Heaven. The exception is for the truly wicked. There are differing opinions on their fate. Some believe that they remain in Gehinnom for a longer time until their sins are fully atoned for. Others believe that their souls are destroyed.