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"Brutus" Number I
Constitution Society ^ | 18 October 1787 | Anti-Federalist Papers

Posted on 12/06/2001 12:04:43 PM PST by Jim Robinson

"Brutus" Number I

18 October 1787

To the Citizens of the State of New-York.

When the public is called to investigate and decide upon a question in which not only the present members of the community are deeply interested, but upon which the happiness and misery of generations yet unborn is in great measure suspended, the benevolent mind cannot help feeling itself peculiarly interested in the result.

In this situation, I trust the feeble efforts of an individual, to lead the minds of the people to a wise and prudent determination, cannot fail of being acceptable to the candid and dispassionate part of the community. Encouraged by this consideration, I have been induced to offer my thoughts upon the present important crisis of our public affairs.

Perhaps this country never saw so critical a period in their political concerns. We have felt the feebleness of the ties by which these United-States are held together, and the want of sufficient energy in our present confederation, to manage, in some instances, our general concerns. Various expedients have been proposed to remedy these evils, but none have succeeded. At length a Convention of the states has been assembled, they have formed a constitution which will now, probably, be submitted to the people to ratify or reject, who are the fountain of all power, to whom alone it of right belongs to make or unmake constitutions, or forms of government, at their pleasure. The most important question that was ever proposed to your decision, or to the decision of any people under heaven, is before you, and you are to decide upon it by men of your own election, chosen specially for this purpose. If the constitution, offered to your acceptance, be a wise one, calculated to preserve the invaluable blessings of liberty, to secure the inestimable rights of mankind, and promote human happiness, then, if you accept it, you will lay a lasting foundation of happiness for millions yet unborn; generations to come will rise up and call you blessed. You may rejoice in the prospects of this vast extended continent becoming filled with freemen, who will assert the dignity of human nature. You may solace yourselves with the idea, that society, in this favoured land, will fast advance to the highest point of perfection; the human mind will expand in knowledge and virtue, and the golden age be, in some measure, realised. But if, on the other hand, this form of government contains principles that will lead to the subversion of liberty — if it tends to establish a despotism, or, what is worse, a tyrannic aristocracy; then, if you adopt it, this only remaining assylum for liberty will be shut up, and posterity will execrate your memory.

Momentous then is the question you have to determine, and you are called upon by every motive which should influence a noble and virtuous mind, to examine it well, and to make up a wise judgment. It is insisted, indeed, that this constitution must be received, be it ever so imperfect. If it has its defects, it is said, they can be best amended when they are experienced. But remember, when the people once part with power, they can seldom or never resume it again but by force. Many instances can be produced in which the people have voluntarily increased the powers of their rulers; but few, if any, in which rulers have willingly abridged their authority. This is a sufficient reason to induce you to be careful, in the first instance, how you deposit the powers of government.

With these few introductory remarks, I shall proceed to a consideration of this constitution:

The first question that presents itself on the subject is, whether a confederated government be the best for the United States or not? Or in other words, whether the thirteen United States should be reduced to one great republic, governed by one legislature, and under the direction of one executive and judicial; or whether they should continue thirteen confederated republics, under the direction and controul of a supreme federal head for certain defined national purposes only?

This enquiry is important, because, although the government reported by the convention does not go to a perfect and entire consolidation, yet it approaches so near to it, that it must, if executed, certainly and infallibly terminate in it.

This government is to possess absolute and uncontroulable power, legislative, executive and judicial, with respect to every object to which it extends, for by the last clause of section 8th, article 1st, it is declared "that the Congress shall have power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution, in the government of the United States; or in any department or office thereof." And by the 6th article, it is declared "that this constitution, and the laws of the United States, which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and the treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, any thing in the constitution, or law of any state to the contrary notwithstanding." It appears from these articles that there is no need of any intervention of the state governments, between the Congress and the people, to execute any one power vested in the general government, and that the constitution and laws of every state are nullified and declared void, so far as they are or shall be inconsistent with this constitution, or the laws made in pursuance of it, or with treaties made under the authority of the United States. — The government then, so far as it extends, is a complete one, and not a confederation. It is as much one complete government as that of New-York or Massachusetts, has as absolute and perfect powers to make and execute all laws, to appoint officers, institute courts, declare offences, and annex penalties, with respect to every object to which it extends, as any other in the world. So far therefore as its powers reach, all ideas of confederation are given up and lost. It is true this government is limited to certain objects, or to speak more properly, some small degree of power is still left to the states, but a little attention to the powers vested in the general government, will convince every candid man, that if it is capable of being executed, all that is reserved for the individual states must very soon be annihilated, except so far as they are barely necessary to the organization of the general government. The powers of the general legislature extend to every case that is of the least importance — there is nothing valuable to human nature, nothing dear to freemen, but what is within its power. It has authority to make laws which will affect the lives, the liberty, and property of every man in the United States; nor can the constitution or laws of any state, in any way prevent or impede the full and complete execution of every power given. The legislative power is competent to lay taxes, duties, imposts, and excises; — there is no limitation to this power, unless it be said that the clause which directs the use to which those taxes, and duties shall be applied, may be said to be a limitation: but this is no restriction of the power at all, for by this clause they are to be applied to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but the legislature have authority to contract debts at their discretion; they are the sole judges of what is necessary to provide for the common defence, and they only are to determine what is for the general welfare; this power therefore is neither more nor less, than a power to lay and collect taxes, imposts, and excises, at their pleasure; not only [is] the power to lay taxes unlimited, as to the amount they may require, but it is perfect and absolute to raise them in any mode they please. No state legislature, or any power in the state governments, have any more to do in carrying this into effect, than the authority of one state has to do with that of another. In the business therefore of laying and collecting taxes, the idea of confederation is totally lost, and that of one entire republic is embraced. It is proper here to remark, that the authority to lay and collect taxes is the most important of any power that can be granted; it connects with it almost all other powers, or at least will in process of time draw all other after it; it is the great mean of protection, security, and defence, in a good government, and the great engine of oppression and tyranny in a bad one. This cannot fail of being the case, if we consider the contracted limits which are set by this constitution, to the late [state?] governments, on this article of raising money. No state can emit paper money — lay any duties, or imposts, on imports, or exports, but by consent of the Congress; and then the net produce shall be for the benefit of the United States: the only mean therefore left, for any state to support its government and discharge its debts, is by direct taxation; and the United States have also power to lay and collect taxes, in any way they please. Every one who has thought on the subject, must be convinced that but small sums of money can be collected in any country, by direct taxe[s], when the foederal government begins to exercise the right of taxation in all its parts, the legislatures of the several states will find it impossible to raise monies to support their governments. Without money they cannot be supported, and they must dwindle away, and, as before observed, their powers absorbed in that of the general government.

It might be here shewn, that the power in the federal legislative, to raise and support armies at pleasure, as well in peace as in war, and their controul over the militia, tend, not only to a consolidation of the government, but the destruction of liberty. — I shall not, however, dwell upon these, as a few observations upon the judicial power of this government, in addition to the preceding, will fully evince the truth of the position.

The judicial power of the United States is to be vested in a supreme court, and in such inferior courts as Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The powers of these courts are very extensive; their jurisdiction comprehends all civil causes, except such as arise between citizens of the same state; and it extends to all cases in law and equity arising under the constitution. One inferior court must be established, I presume, in each state, at least, with the necessary executive officers appendant thereto. It is easy to see, that in the common course of things, these courts will eclipse the dignity, and take away from the respectability, of the state courts. These courts will be, in themselves, totally independent of the states, deriving their authority from the United States, and receiving from them fixed salaries; and in the course of human events it is to be expected, that they will swallow up all the powers of the courts in the respective states.

How far the clause in the 8th section of the 1st article may operate to do away all idea of confederated states, and to effect an entire consolidation of the whole into one general government, it is impossible to say. The powers given by this article are very general and comprehensive, and it may receive a construction to justify the passing almost any law. A power to make all laws, which shall be necessary and proper, for carrying into execution, all powers vested by the constitution in the government of the United States, or any department or officer thereof, is a power very comprehensive and definite [indefinite?], and may, for ought I know, be exercised in a such manner as entirely to abolish the state legislatures. Suppose the legislature of a state should pass a law to raise money to support their government and pay the state debt, may the Congress repeal this law, because it may prevent the collection of a tax which they may think proper and necessary to lay, to provide for the general welfare of the United States? For all laws made, in pursuance of this constitution, are the supreme lay of the land, and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, any thing in the constitution or laws of the different states to the contrary notwithstanding. — By such a law, the government of a particular state might be overturned at one stroke, and thereby be deprived of every means of its support.

It is not meant, by stating this case, to insinuate that the constitution would warrant a law of this kind; or unnecessarily to alarm the fears of the people, by suggesting, that the federal legislature would be more likely to pass the limits assigned them by the constitution, than that of an individual state, further than they are less responsible to the people. But what is meant is, that the legislature of the United States are vested with the great and uncontroulable powers, of laying and collecting taxes, duties, imposts, and excises; of regulating trade, raising and supporting armies, organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, instituting courts, and other general powers. And are by this clause invested with the power of making all laws, proper and necessary, for carrying all these into execution; and they may so exercise this power as entirely to annihilate all the state governments, and reduce this country to one single government. And if they may do it, it is pretty certain they will; for it will be found that the power retained by individual states, small as it is, will be a clog upon the wheels of the government of the United States; the latter therefore will be naturally inclined to remove it out of the way. Besides, it is a truth confirmed by the unerring experience of ages, that every man, and every body of men, invested with power, are ever disposed to increase it, and to acquire a superiority over every thing that stands in their way. This disposition, which is implanted in human nature, will operate in the federal legislature to lessen and ultimately to subvert the state authority, and having such advantages, will most certainly succeed, if the federal government succeeds at all. It must be very evident then, that what this constitution wants of being a complete consolidation of the several parts of the union into one complete government, possessed of perfect legislative, judicial, and executive powers, to all intents and purposes, it will necessarily acquire in its exercise and operation.

Let us now proceed to enquire, as I at first proposed, whether it be best the thirteen United States should be reduced to one great republic, or not? It is here taken for granted, that all agree in this, that whatever government we adopt, it ought to be a free one; that it should be so framed as to secure the liberty of the citizens of America, and such an one as to admit of a full, fair, and equal representation of the people. The question then will be, whether a government thus constituted, and founded on such principles, is practicable, and can be exercised over the whole United States, reduced into one state?

If respect is to be paid to the opinion of the greatest and wisest men who have ever thought or wrote on the science of government, we shall be constrained to conclude, that a free republic cannot succeed over a country of such immense extent, containing such a number of inhabitants, and these encreasing in such rapid progression as that of the whole United States. Among the many illustrious authorities which might be produced to this point, I shall content myself with quoting only two. The one is the baron de Montesquieu, spirit of laws, chap. xvi. vol. I [book VIII]. "It is natural to a republic to have only a small territory, otherwise it cannot long subsist. In a large republic there are men of large fortunes, and consequently of less moderation; there are trusts too great to be placed in any single subject; he has interest of his own; he soon begins to think that he may be happy, great and glorious, by oppressing his fellow citizens; and that he may raise himself to grandeur on the ruins of his country. In a large republic, the public good is sacrificed to a thousand views; it is subordinate to exceptions, and depends on accidents. In a small one, the interest of the public is easier perceived, better understood, and more within the reach of every citizen; abuses are of less extent, and of course are less protected." Of the same opinion is the marquis Beccarari.

History furnishes no example of a free republic, any thing like the extent of the United States. The Grecian republics were of small extent; so also was that of the Romans. Both of these, it is true, in process of time, extended their conquests over large territories of country; and the consequence was, that their governments were changed from that of free governments to those of the most tyrannical that ever existed in the world.

Not only the opinion of the greatest men, and the experience of mankind, are against the idea of an extensive republic, but a variety of reasons may be drawn from the reason and nature of things, against it. In every government, the will of the sovereign is the law. In despotic governments, the supreme authority being lodged in one, his will is law, and can be as easily expressed to a large extensive territory as to a small one. In a pure democracy the people are the sovereign, and their will is declared by themselves; for this purpose they must all come together to deliberate, and decide. This kind of government cannot be exercised, therefore, over a country of any considerable extent; it must be confined to a single city, or at least limited to such bounds as that the people can conveniently assemble, be able to debate, understand the subject submitted to them, and declare their opinion concerning it.

In a free republic, although all laws are derived from the consent of the people, yet the people do not declare their consent by themselves in person, but by representatives, chosen by them, who are supposed to know the minds of their constituents, and to be possessed of integrity to declare this mind.

In every free government, the people must give their assent to the laws by which they are governed. This is the true criterion between a free government and an arbitrary one. The former are ruled by the will of the whole, expressed in any manner they may agree upon; the latter by the will of one, or a few. If the people are to give their assent to the laws, by persons chosen and appointed by them, the manner of the choice and the number chosen, must be such, as to possess, be disposed, and consequently qualified to declare the sentiments of the people; for if they do not know, or are not disposed to speak the sentiments of the people, the people do not govern, but the sovereignty is in a few. Now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people, without having it so numerous and unwieldly, as to be subject in great measure to the inconveniency of a democratic government.

The territory of the United States is of vast extent; it now contains near three millions of souls, and is capable of containing much more than ten times that number. Is it practicable for a country, so large and so numerous as they will soon become, to elect a representation, that will speak their sentiments, without their becoming so numerous as to be incapable of transacting public business? It certainly is not.

In a republic, the manners, sentiments, and interests of the people should be similar. If this be not the case, there will be a constant clashing of opinions; and the representatives of one part will be continually striving against those of the other. This will retard the operations of government, and prevent such conclusions as will promote the public good. If we apply this remark to the condition of the United States, we shall be convinced that it forbids that we should be one government. The United States includes a variety of climates. The productions of the different parts of the union are very variant, and their interests, of consequence, diverse. Their manners and habits differ as much as their climates and productions; and their sentiments are by no means coincident. The laws and customs of the several states are, in many respects, very diverse, and in some opposite; each would be in favor of its own interests and customs, and, of consequence, a legislature, formed of representatives from the respective parts, would not only be too numerous to act with any care or decision, but would be composed of such heterogenous and discordant principles, as would constantly be contending with each other.

The laws cannot be executed in a republic, of an extent equal to that of the United States, with promptitude.

The magistrates in every government must be supported in the execution of the laws, either by an armed force, maintained at the public expence for that purpose; or by the people turning out to aid the magistrate upon his command, in case of resistance.

In despotic governments, as well as in all the monarchies of Europe, standing armies are kept up to execute the commands of the prince or the magistrate, and are employed for this purpose when occasion requires: But they have always proved the destruction of liberty, and [are] abhorrent to the spirit of a free republic. In England, where they depend upon the parliament for their annual support, they have always been complained of as oppressive and unconstitutional, and are seldom employed in executing of the laws; never except on extraordinary occasions, and then under the direction of a civil magistrate.

A free republic will never keep a standing army to execute its laws. It must depend upon the support of its citizens. But when a government is to receive its support from the aid of the citizens, it must be so constructed as to have the confidence, respect, and affection of the people." Men who, upon the call of the magistrate, offer themselves to execute the laws, are influenced to do it either by affection to the government, or from fear; where a standing army is at hand to punish offenders, every man is actuated by the latter principle, and therefore, when the magistrate calls, will obey: but, where this is not the case, the government must rest for its support upon the confidence and respect which the people have for their government and laws. The body of the people being attached, the government will always be sufficient to support and execute its laws, and to operate upon the fears of any faction which may be opposed to it, not only to prevent an opposition to the execution of the laws themselves, but also to compel the most of them to aid the magistrate; but the people will not be likely to have such confidence in their rulers, in a republic so extensive as the United States, as necessary for these purposes. The confidence which the people have in their rulers, in a free republic, arises from their knowing them, from their being responsible to them for their conduct, and from the power they have of displacing them when they misbehave: but in a republic of the extent of this continent, the people in general would be acquainted with very few of their rulers: the people at large would know little of their proceedings, and it would be extremely difficult to change them. The people in Georgia and New-Hampshire would not know one another's mind, and therefore could not act in concert to enable them to effect a general change of representatives. The different parts of so extensive a country could not possibly be made acquainted with the conduct of their representatives, nor be informed of the reasons upon which measures were founded. The consequence will be, they will have no confidence in their legislature, suspect them of ambitious views, be jealous of every measure they adopt, and will not support the laws they pass. Hence the government will be nerveless and inefficient, and no way will be left to render it otherwise, but by establishing an armed force to execute the laws at the point of the bayonet — a government of all others the most to be dreaded.

In a republic of such vast extent as the United-States, the legislature cannot attend to the various concerns and wants of its different parts. It cannot be sufficiently numerous to be acquainted with the local condition and wants of the different districts, and if it could, it is impossible it should have sufficient time to attend to and provide for all the variety of cases of this nature, that would be continually arising.

In so extensive a republic, the great officers of government would soon become above the controul of the people, and abuse their power to the purpose of aggrandizing themselves, and oppressing them. The trust committed to the executive offices, in a country of the extent of the United-States, must be various and of magnitude. The command of all the troops and navy of the republic, the appointment of officers, the power of pardoning offences, the collecting of all the public revenues, and the power of expending them, with a number of other powers, must be lodged and exercised in every state, in the hands of a few. When these are attended with great honor and emolument, as they always will be in large states, so as greatly to interest men to pursue them, and to be proper objects for ambitious and designing men, such men will be ever restless in their pursuit after them. They will use the power, when they have acquired it, to the purposes of gratifying their own interest and ambition, and it is scarcely possible, in a very large republic, to call them to account for their misconduct, or to prevent their abuse of power.

These are some of the reasons by which it appears, that a free republic cannot long subsist over a country of the great extent of these states. If then this new constitution is calculated to consolidate the thirteen states into one, as it evidently is, it ought not to be adopted.

Though I am of opinion, that it is a sufficient objection to this government, to reject it, that it creates the whole union into one government, under the form of a republic, yet if this objection was obviated, there are exceptions to it, which are so material and fundamental, that they ought to determine every man, who is a friend to the liberty and happiness of mankind, not to adopt it. I beg the candid and dispassionate attention of my countrymen while I state these objections — they are such as have obtruded themselves upon my mind upon a careful attention to the matter, and such as I sincerely believe are well founded. There are many objections, of small moment, of which I shall take no notice — perfection is not to be expected in any thing that is the production of man — and if I did not in my conscience believe that this scheme was defective in the fundamental principles — in the foundation upon which a free and equal government must rest — I would hold my peace.

Brutus.


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To: Prodigal Daughter
Children's Code

If this happened today the outcome would be different.
Another thing I can't help but go back to is, I believe
a lot of the dissent from the send-him-back crowd
came from personal demons of being "victims" of divorce
and/or who feel guilty about taking off or who had nasty child custody
battles and expensive, hatefilled divorces. They vented here.

101 posted on 12/12/2001 12:34:39 AM PST by Cincinatus' Wife
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To: Cincinatus' Wife
Spoken with your usual CW wisdom, my Elianista extraordinaire good friend.
102 posted on 12/12/2001 5:18:30 AM PST by Prodigal Daughter
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To: Ironword; exmarine; RobertFrost
BUMP
103 posted on 12/12/2001 5:20:13 AM PST by Prodigal Daughter
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To: Prodigal Daughter
Is it sad or unfortunate that Juan Miguel Hails from a country ruled by a dictator of Castro's ilk? Yes it is. Is it also unfortunate that it is possible that his decisions may well have been influenced by agents of that government. Yes it is. BUT - that isnt the most important issue here. Parenthood is. At the moment that Juan Miguel demanded to regain custody of his son and his relatives in Miami refused his request, AT THAT MOMENT, regardless of how well meaning they thought they may have been, regardless of how much you or I or anyone else may agree with their politics and disagree with Castro's, at that moment, they had committeed a criminal act. Now, if we can agree that the United States goverment has more duty and authority to be involved in ending/solving/punishing crimes committed by its nationals on its soil than in pontificating about the misdeeds of other governments, then it follows that there was some responsibility on the part of some government authority to end the crime beiung committed.

The problem here is actually fairly simple. Elian's Miami relatives, and the scores of Americans who scream about how we betrayed or let Elian down are all blind in the same way - Namely, they cannot understand that taking action with benevolant intent does NOT justify trampling on another's rights of choice/decision. In fact, this attitude lies at the core of many social/political disputes. People decide that a certain behavior pattern is in keeping with their moral code, and then go on to try and justify forcing that behavior pattern and/or moral code unto the rest of society. Point out to the perpetrators that this sort of system is hardly FREEDOM, and the outcry is enormous ..... you will be ridiculed and call all sorts of nasty names (any word starting with the letters L-I-B seems to be the moniker of choice in this particular forum)

So, my point? Simply that the crime was not Juan Miguel's, for being Cuban or for living under a political system different from ours - it was not Castro's , it was not Reno's - it blame rests with those well meaning Miami relatives who could not understand that their good intent could not supercede the rights of parenthood. As for Elian's deceased mother - I here the voices saying "what of her wishes" - and my answer is that the party charged with considering her wishes when carrying out his actions is again Juan Miguel.

104 posted on 12/12/2001 8:26:22 AM PST by thusevertotyrants
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To: thusevertotyrants
Operation-officer...Janthrax reno---you seem to agree with---

"it" said sending Elian to commie E.Germany was a yeah-yeah but nazi-Germany was a no-no!

Do you see any difference!

Most patriotic freedom loving Americans would think fighting communism and fascism was a good thing...

how or why would you take sides if both are wrong.

Do you think communism is the lesser of the two--more acceptable??

105 posted on 12/12/2001 11:11:05 AM PST by f.Christian
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To: thusevertotyrants
Hypothetical: You live in the gulag, pick any gulag. Let's say Afghanistan with the Taliban. Your estranged wife was caught playing music and now they are going to punish her by beating her so she escapes with your son to your relatives in a refugee camp. You are planning to escape too but a neighborhood snoop heard the plan and reported you to the Taliban authorities. Now you're in real trouble! The Taliban clerics don't want this to ever go public and they don't want anyone leaving their gulag. Your only hope is that you get a message to your relatives and to the country officials where your relatives have escaped to. You know that they will help you because they have always condemned the Taliban way of life and they have a history of helping people who escape persecution.

Fast forward: the country officials where your relatives live won't even consider your relatives statements when they say that you planned to escape even though it is backed up by your friends who also escape to the refugee camp and whose relatives back in Afghanistan will suffer for their outspokenness. Then you get an attorney but he's secretly working for the Taliban. You get to visit the news media of that country, but the Taliban puts your parents and your wife's child by a previous marriage in their custody in case you would be crazy enough to refute their lies. Well anyway, if you want to think that the relatives did Juan Miguel wrong, go right ahead. I bet you never read the transcripts posted in the Granma online of the telephone conversations between Juan Miguel and Marisleysis, he was calling her, "my love", to his child's kidnapper? That whole emnity between the relatives was manufactured by the media and the leftists in government. Uncle Delfin had letters and video tapes of his recent visit to Cuba, presented as court evidence and shown on local newstations, that showed him dancing with Juan Miguel's mother and blowing each other kisses even though Juan Miguel's mother was a Communist party card carrying member and proud of it. Most Miami Cubans have some relative/s back in Cuba that are brainwashed by the Communist lie. No big deal. Delfin and Lazaro and Angela still sent them lots of money because they were family and they loved each other. Well, I have to go and anyway this is all moot because Juan Miguel's godfather and uncle Delfin and Juan Miguel's uncle Lazaro only wanted to make sure that Juan Miguel and Elian would be reunited without the gun packing commie goons around so that they could know what his wishes truly were without communist coercion. Of course, Castro and all the American leftists couldn't allow that to happen because then their house of cards would come crashing down, hence the raid.

I think its hard for Americans to understand the terror of living in a country where the dictator and the snoops can literally put you to death on a whim.

Did you know that it was reported in an American (Knight Ridder) newspaper, El Nuevo Herald, that a child in Cuba was beaten by a Cuban government security guard for just saying that Elian was dumb to have returned to Cuba? There was a man in Cuba a month or so ago who was hungry and stole or ate some beef and was going to be sent to prison, he committed suicide rather than go to the tropical gulag. Some navy doctors who worked at Guantanamo around the time of the Mariel exodus reported that it was apparent that the children in Castro's summer school camps were being used as guinea pigs for Castro's meningitis vaccines. Don't believe Dan Rathers, it's still a gulag. Castro's Human Rights Violations Against Children In Cuba

106 posted on 12/12/2001 12:51:38 PM PST by Prodigal Daughter
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To: Prodigal Daughter
I get most of my sources from the FR.com Yes, Elian Gonzalez was betrayed by both our government and his. As for Diane Sawyer...she's one of the CFR people paid to shut up and hand out the crumbs to the common people. And if that means disinformation, she'll do it for money. I never watch the news anymore. Watching television news is for the brain dead.
107 posted on 12/12/2001 1:47:11 PM PST by goldilucky
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To: goldilucky
Me too. Once in a great while I'll turn on the news to get the panoramic view of some current event. I live in a city where I can get Colombian, French, German, Spanish (from Spain), etc., newscasts daily and many other Latin American countries weekly and even then, I hardly bother. They can't compare to Free Republic as a news source!

I'd almost have my husband convinced to throw the tv's out, but he likes the Speedvision motorcycle races and the kids and I do love The Planet's Funniest Animals. Regards.

108 posted on 12/12/2001 2:10:53 PM PST by Prodigal Daughter
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To: Prodigal Daughter
In response to this and the previous post - It does not strengthen your case to propose an arguement along the lines of - "I am right, therefore all who have choice will obviously think like me and choose as I would. Therefore since I feel I know what would be the wishes of the people or what would be the common good, I can now suspend another's right of choice to enact my wishes"

The Constitution proposes that one of the functions of the central government is to PROMOTE the general welfare of the populance (note - not PROVIDE as is stated for common defense) This axiom mandates neither that the central government be the sole agent working for the common good, nor that it should be in a position to DECIDE what is in fact the common good. I say again that if you propose that Elian's Miami relatives were justified in a criminal act because they did so under the belief that they were acting in the child's best interests then must sanction the right of some person or agency to decide the same for YOUR child, over and above your pleas to retain custody. To fail to agree with this is to propose that your self-righteousnes places you in a position over and above those you seek to bind to your political and moral beliefs, thus nullifying the declaration that "all men are created equal".

109 posted on 12/12/2001 2:59:11 PM PST by thusevertotyrants
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To: thusevertotyrants
Did you ever hear about the rule of law...courts--judges--decisions??
110 posted on 12/12/2001 5:22:27 PM PST by f.Christian
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To: BurFred
bttt
111 posted on 12/12/2001 6:40:12 PM PST by f.Christian
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To: Prodigal Daughter
I like to watch "Columbo" series. As for radio, I'm thinking of getting a Yachtboy Grundig radio to tune into international news. I like to hear what's going on in the other side of the world.

I like that show on the funniest animals myself. As for comedy, I always liked to watch Benny Hill. : )

112 posted on 12/12/2001 9:14:03 PM PST by goldilucky
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To: f.Christian
Please - do you really think it is necessary for a court to sanction the right for you to be the parent of your child? I for one, dont want to live in such a society
113 posted on 12/13/2001 11:38:56 AM PST by thusevertotyrants
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To: thusevertotyrants
a court to sanction the right for you...in civilized societies courts determine this all the time--

are you an unfit---psycho worried anout yourself? Defending weirdos--kooks--tyranny...seems like it!

114 posted on 12/13/2001 11:44:18 AM PST by f.Christian
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To: f.Christian
Defending tyranny? Get a grip on yourself please. It is YOU who would saddle us all with your particular moral vision, sanctioned of course by your self-righteous claims that you are in the right. Get off your high horse, worry a little more about yourself and your loved ones and spend a little less time trying to imbue others with your self-righteous morality
115 posted on 12/13/2001 1:12:35 PM PST by thusevertotyrants
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To: thusevertotyrants
do you really think it is necessary for a court to sanction the right for you to be

...a doctor--lawyer...

are you a self styled attorney general--tyrant--dictator--storm trooper..operations officer(reno lover)?

All of you above posts pretty much say-SHOUT it!

116 posted on 12/13/2001 1:46:29 PM PST by f.Christian
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To: thusevertotyrants
To: Mortimer Snavely

"One of those premises is that without the self discipline, morality, and rationality required for self government, , and people clamor for the police state to restore order."

Great reading...scary!

Sounds like the anarchists-libertarian-potter heads on the FR!

101 posted on 12/13/01 11:08 PM Pacific by f.Christian

liberty crumbles into madness...reno-clinton-gore====>you!

117 posted on 12/14/2001 8:26:01 AM PST by f.Christian
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To: thusevertotyrants
Try this again...part of the Quote is missing---here is the whole thing!

To: Exigence

The Pastor tries to describe in religious terms what's happening to the West. Obviously, he should read more books, most of which he'd dismiss as "secular humanist." Nevertheless, the alarm he expresses is appropriate, even if his responses are a little grating to the ear. This is from another forum:

"Obviously, American politics as discussions of defense, public works, and caring for the halt and the lame is a thing of the past. Instead, we have causes. To really understand American politics today one needs to be familiar with abnormal psychology and totalitarian political theory, particularly Lenin's Vanguard and Spontaneity. Our country is under total attack by madness and institutionalized, vindictive, permanent adolescence. The real focus of contemporary political life in the USA is defending against that attack.

There are two types of troubled people in this contest. There are those who have been insane, or who have been trying to drives us insane, for the last thirty-five to forty years, and there are those of us being driven crazy, who are trying to find an explanation for it all, or who can't believe their eyes and ears.

Conservative people are scared, or should be, regardless of the new President. They know, or should know, that they are under attack. They exhaust themselves trying to reason with those attacking them. No modus vivendi is possible because the political noises attacking them are insane protestations to and denials of reality. Some talk of the coming of the Beast foretold in the Bible, which is the closest they can come to describing the wide spread utter rejection of all things they know to be good and true, but this has a strange, and for some people, disturbing tone that the political and lifestyle left exploits to misrepresent and ridicule opposition and basic human decency as primitive superstition and religious intolerance.

What these good God-fearing people are trying to understand is very real, nonetheless, and if the words "institutionalized insanity compounded by mass angry disturbed adolescence," are substituted for "Anti-Christ," suddenly their observations and apprehensions are very accurate indeed.

Many Conservatives are understandably frightened because they are too busy with life, making a living, raising families, and paying the bills to spend the years of study necessary to refute the unified, carefully orchestrated attack from the political and lifestye left. The academics in the educational system are against them. They have limited access to in-depth alternatives. In the last 40 years, with the reliance upon TV and other institutions controlled by the political-lifestyle left as the major intellectual focus in the USA, some very important premises have been displaced and forgotten.

One of those premises is that without the self discipline, morality, and rationality required for self government, liberty crumbles into madness, and people clamor for the police state to restore order."

A lot of that is a condensed version of some of RLK's stuff.

Click here for a better understanding of the how and why of our contemporary psychotic social psychology. Start at the bottom of the page and work your way up.

88 posted on 12/13/01 10:19 PM Pacific by Mortimer Snavely

One more to soon follow...link too!

118 posted on 12/14/2001 8:49:22 AM PST by f.Christian
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To: thusevertotyrants
To: Mortimer Snavely

Four, too many people in the last 35 years have devised a delusional system whereby they look upon reality and pleas to take basic responsibility as an oppressive right-wing conspiracy.

They have been supported in this belief by the media instead of having it challenged.

The Clintons have surfed this psychotic cultural and generational wave into the White House.

The attempt has been made to understand Bill and Hillary Clinton, particularly Bill, in terms of classical neurosis from abusive childhoods. But much of what is seen in the Clinton generation has made that model obsolete, although many from that generation, including psychiatrists and psychologists, desperately hold on to it to relieve themselves of any personal responsibility.

The truth is, Bill and Hillary Clinton have not suffered a bit of inconvenience for nearly 40 years¾including, for Bill, the inconvenience of military service. By his freshman year in high school Bill found he could manipulate people with showy glibness and deception, and nobody would call him on it. A good memory for acting lines would carry him through easy courses in the most prestigious schools in the country without effort or necessity to learn seriously. From there, he went almost immediately to being the boy governor of a state, and on to the presidency. It was all done with a little empty talk on a level that could be found on any high school debate team.

Hillary has led a similar life of ease and is now being pushed to take a senate seat and run for the presidency in 2004 on a platform of angrily confronting a vast right-wing conspiracy¾ which essentially consists of making accusatory and sarcastic remarks at you and me through a TV screen to the delight of angry women, spoiled angry leftists, and angry minorities. It isn't a bad life for an untalented spoiled brat who, without the world of TV and alienated politics, would be lucky to hold a job as a waitress in a truck stop.

The problem with the both Clintons is that they were long ago licensed to think and act at primitive, immature, and irrational levels of functioning. Much of this was a self-conferred licensing by a generation which has continued, and which has been the root of most of the political, economic, and social problems in this country.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Robert L. Kocher is the author of "The American Mind in Denial." He is an engineer working in the area of solid-state physics, and has done graduate study in clinical psychology.

His email address is steiner@access.mountain.net. from The Laissez Faire City Times, Vol 3, No 7, Feb. 15, 1999

98 posted on 12/13/01 10:50 PM Pacific by f.Christian

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To: f.Christian

Great reading, isn't it?

100 posted on 12/13/01 10:58 PM Pacific by Mortimer Snavely

119 posted on 12/14/2001 8:58:36 AM PST by f.Christian
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To: thusevertotyrants
the... link---M. Snavely advises one starts at the bottom.
120 posted on 12/14/2001 9:07:21 AM PST by f.Christian
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