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States can conduct elections as they see fit and draw congressional boundaries.
But states do not get to choose who is qualified to run for federal office using the 14th Amendment as a disqualification.
I agree with this.

According to the Electors clause of the U.S. Constitution, states do not determine the selection of presidential electors, the states' legislatures do that. If the CO state legislature wanted to ban Trump from the ballot, that is its right to do so, but the state AG and courts can't do that. That's my problem with this ruling. They suggest the state legislatures can't ban anyone they want absent some prohibited discrimination. If the TX legislature decides to ban Biden, that's their right. This ruling is about federalism, which is why the result is unanimous. It's the same rationale that states must accept voters who fill out the federal voter registration form to vote in federal elections and can't inquire about their citizenship.

No. They were very clear that states cannot ban a candidate using the 14th Amendment. They did not say states could not ban a candidate under other constitutional powers.