The problem in Israel is the liberal court system would require weapons be given to the 20% of population that is Muslim Arab.
Most these guys are proud Israelis but there is a fair number they are not.
The reason behind limits on ammo relate to theft. They don’t want someone’s stockpile raided. But it is “at a time.”
There are also plenty of loopholes for anyone who served in the IDF. You can check out a rifle or pistol at will, generally speaking. All former officers get a carry permit. Etc.
It’s better than nothing, but, hardly enough, after what happened.
Simple solution. Everybody who served in the IDF is to be in the reserves for the rest of their lives and is to keep their weapon and ammo at home. As they get older you can classify them as being in the “inactive reserves” but retaining the weapons requirement. Hell, you could even make it an option. But so long as its those who served in the IDF, you could get away with limiting those who had guns.