The several states have always been Constitutionally allowed to tax property, even since the Constitution was ratified.
The Federal government can only do so if the tax is “apportioned among the states.” Which is why none of the “property taxes” you pay, or have ever paid, are sent to the US Treasury.
The Articles of Confederation allowed Congress to demand states send Congress tax money based on the wealth of each state.
This indirect taxing power probably still exists since not all 13 states had to ratify the Constitution to make the Constitution valid.