Only in a lab with a Gene Sequencing machine can you distinguish the variants
No, if you were clever with the choice of RNA templates you could do it with RT-PCR. It is my understanding that this is what they are doing— have a template for a specific sequence from three or more distinct regions of the virus... You know from the sequenced variants which regions are conserved (e.g. still present) and which won’t be amplified. This is not perfect, but it could be enough.