In fact, a mere generation or so before Cortez and his 300 odd soldiers arrived, they had dedicated their newest and grandest temple with an orgy of botchery that was estimated at more than 50,000 people over a fortnight.
This is why they had no problem recruiting allies among the locals to take their capitol city.
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That's one way to avoid 'overpopulation'. Could be the envy of today's globalists who want to "Maintain humanity under 500 million in perpetual balance with nature."