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What would happen if a Democrat Senator were to die from a state with a Republican governor? Would the Senate change for that or would the majority leader keep his/her position?

IIRC when GWB was president and the Senate became 50-50, the Republicans, ...in the interest of fairness ... shared the committee chairmanships. Somehow, I am not hearing this now.

What would happen if a Democrat Senator were to die from a state with a Republican governor? Would the Senate change for that or would the majority leader keep his/her position?

It depends on the state. In most states, the governor can appoint anyone. If Elizabeth Warren had resigned to join Biden's Cabinet, Governor Baker could have appointed a Republican, which is one reason Biden didn't consider Warren for a Cabinet post.

A few states have a rule to prevent such a party flip. This came into play in Wyoming when Sen. Craig Thomas died. Gov. Dave Freudenthal was a Democrat (I have no idea how a Democrat won an election in Wyoming), but he was required to appoint a successor from a list of three names submitted by the Republican State Committee.