There's no need to recreate something which already exists. There are additional data elements needed, or reserved data fields put to use. Reporting standards and information requirements need work, portal and query systems implemented. Extremely minor tasks for an agency of the US government with a multiple billion dollar budget. Seven days would be more than enough time to begin collecting information relevant in the fight given a small team of IT specialists with presidential authority.
I've done similar implementations. Not to the scale this would requite, but certainly within similar time constraints. Not bragging, but I remember one particular instance when a website I developed under a very short time limit, which used geospatial data was demo'd to some government VIPs while I was finishing the backend, and gave the word over the phone to go ahead and click the link to display such and such information on the big screen.
It's not rocket science. Or even hard to do today. There is no excuse for the CDC not to have the above already in place. In fact, I'd call it dereliction of duty.
You would be astounded at the amount of information in digital form that exists on you, not to mention other information
...not to mention other information which is able to be derived from primary information in databanks.