FWIW, Rogers v. Bellei is about children born out of the US, to a citizen parent or parents. Without a law making then citizens, they would not be citizens - that is what SCOTUS said in that case, and that particular finding (foreign-born not a citizen if there was no “born a citizen” statute) was unanimous across the justices. The dissent said it was unconstitutional to strip naturalized citizenship.
Sounds right.
An example, John McCain.
I have always understood that if born of USA citizens anywhere in the world, you are a citizen as much as if you were born in the USA.