Mr. Trump has already announced for reelection. An impeachment would simply trigger a Trump campaign tour - to states with Republican senators who might be in doubt about that. The Constitution doesn’t forbid someone who has been impeached and convicted from running for another term.No Republican senator can have any thought of electing a Republican president other than Trump in ’20 - and neither can their constituents. Voting to convict would be voting for a reprise of ’74, after the Nixon resignation. And the only people who want that are Democrats. Not even “RINO” will describe it.
The House Democrats are talking impeachment on a putative Campaign Finance Reform violation. Not only is the alleged violation smaller than what Obama did and received a civil penalty, it is even a stretch to call what Trump did a violation at all. And don’t get me started on the question of the alleged constitutionality of CFR in principle (McCain-Feingold only got by its SCOTUS challenge by a vote of five to four. Even Justice Kennedy didn’t like it, but O’Connor put it over the top).
No, but the Senate can impose that as a penalty.
The Senate has two options after conviction:
1) Removal from office
2) Disqualification from any office of trust or profit under the United States.
They can do 1, or 1&2.