Foreign nationals cannot be arrested if they violate our laws? Then how can we arrest and deport people here illegally?
The point is jurisdiction, not the ability to arrest and detain - those are different things. Simply breaking a law in another country does not make you subject to their jurisdiction and not that of your home country - you are first and foremost subject to the jurisdiction of the country where you are a citizen.
This would be jurisdiction over the subject matter, not necessarily personal jurisdiction.
the word “jurisdiction,” as here employed, ought to be construed as to imply a full and complete jurisdiction on the part of the United States, coextensive in all respects with the constitutional power of the United States, whether exercised by Congress, by the executive, or by the judicial department; that is to say, the same jurisdiction in extent and quality as applies to every citizen of the United States now. Certainly, gentlemen cannot contend that an Indian belonging to a tribe, although born within the limits of a State, is subject to this full and complete jurisdiction.
IOW, owing no other allegiances and so indians were not born citizens under the 14th. Imagine that.
Foreign nationals are subject to the jurisdictions of their own countries. Not ours.
Foreign nationals cannot be arrested if they violate our laws? Then how can we arrest and deport people here illegally?
From what I could find it looks to me that the US enters into treaties with other countries to define legal rights of their citizens while within the limits of the United States and vice versa.