Section 1002 defines the standard exemption as $24,400 for married filing jointly/qualifying widow/er, half that for singles ($12,200) and three fourths of that for heads of household. It also (by implication) removes the 65+ and/or blind increases to the standard deduction.
Section 1003 removes the personal exemptions ($4050 each for 2017).
Section 1101 increases the child tax credit from $1000 to $1600, but makes only $1000 of that a refundable credit.
I ran the math for ordinary workers and retirees.
Single standard deduction filer: slight tax breaks up through 20000 AGI then more
Married no dependents filer: slight tax breaks up through 40000 AGI then more
BUT:
Single senior standard deduction pays more from about 14000 AGI to 24000 AGI
Married no dependents seniors: pay more from about 30000 AGI to 45000 AGI
And a married couple with 2 kids:
Pay more/get less refund from about 33000 AGI through 55000 AGI (and beyond?)
Thanks Brown Deer