I have first hand experience with this issue. As a paid university tutor in undergrad at a state university, I encountered students - COLLEGE students - who barely grasped the fundamentals of arithmetic, and they were almost always “people of color.”
How they ever got out of middle school, much less high school, is a head scratcher for me.
College students of color who know little math are victims of racist teachers’ unions. This is the prime example of the racism of low expectations. In public school systems: 1) the more special ed classes that can be conjured up, 2) the more teachers are needed, and 3) the more union dues are paid are always the goals of the unions.
Precisely