“Canada’s energy woes are mostly self-inflicted ... misleading headline/excuse”
Yah, much of Canada’s oil is extracted from sand and tar. Cleaning it up and refining it is expensive and thereby at current prices not competitive.
Canadian heavy-sour production really got going in 1948 or so I was told. Cold Lake, Lloydminster and a couple of other locations pumping from traditional wells came on in the early 50s. Some of the wells needed constant encouragement, spawning Canadian Fracmaster and similar “work-over” companies.
This crude always sold at a discount to WTI.