First, they are insulin sparing. Where sugars (carbohydrates) and proteins increase insulin production, medium chain and long chain fatty acids do not. This is important for both Type I and Type II diabetes.
Second, unlike long chain fats (C12 and above), MCTs are absorbed more efficiently and are rapidly available for energy. Here is a rough diagram of the process:
Third, as we age (or suffer from metabolic syndrome) we become less efficient in processing carbohydrates (Pyruvate Cycle). Carbohydrate metabolism is a 28 step process versus MCTs with 3.
Fourth, there is a rapid availability of ketones from MCTs to both the brain and body (preferred cellular energy) at the cellular level (carnitine shuttle). This was one of the immediate effects I noticed when I began switching over MCTs in my diet. The other oddity was "lucid dreams". This has been reported by many and I don't think it has been clinically investigated.
Fifth, MCTs seem to keep a person in dietary ketosis (not diabetic ketosis) and is helpful for weight loss. This is also important for those on a ketogenic diet.
Finally, the majority of brain disorders are the result of metabolic dysfunction and insulin dysregulation. These include Parkinson's, Huntington's,and Alzheimer. The brain is the most energy demanding organ in the human body and accounts for 20% of calories consumed on a daily basis. MCTs bypass the glucose cycle and provide needed ketones for brain function.
These are just a few benefits. There are more. Personally, I noticed quite a change in energy, memory and cognitive skills when I went Ketogenic and incorporated MCTs). Hope that helps.