The tariff was not designed for protection in the early part of the 1800’s. It was designed to raise revenue. Protection versus revenue tariffs. A really effective protective tariff raises little or no revenue.
The tariff revenue was a principle source of revenue for the federal government for a good part of the early 1800’s. And we paid off the national debt sometime in the early 1830s as I recall.
Tariffs were never designed to protect jobs. They were designed to protect infant industries. The Dems only switched to using tariffs to “protect” jobs during the Reagan era.