The way to differentiate Sikh Headwear from Muslim, is the Sikh’s turban Always is wrapped to point to the sky (god). Islam turbans are coiled like a snake.
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Muslims don't wear turbans. Only Sikhs do. Saudis wear the thobe (long white dress, long sleeved, high neck) and ghutra (head covering)...but only for special occasions, like a tuxedo. The ghutra is the head covering like a giant scarf, for protection against sand and wind. It was functional THEN. The ghutra is usually red and white checked, just like an Italian tablecloth. They wear the WHITE ghutra for dressy affairs. The band around the ghutra is BLACK. They used it to temporarily tether the camels. Other Arabs wear different colors of ghutras. I think the Palestinians wore black and white ghutras. I can't remember...been too long.
As I said, the ghutra used to be worn as protection from all the sand and wind on the desert. The top-front can be folded into kind of a visor-shape for more protection. They draped the rest of the ghutra over their nose and mouth as more protection. Now they all wear sunglasses...duh. The sun is treacherous.
The men wear regular clothes now for work, all Western. They found that it was IMPOSSIBLE to work in the thobes. Even the Saudi men in the men's banks wear western clothes.
No more Bedouin clothes and they ALL have super-duper A.C. in their homes. They DO go out into the desert sometimes and they DO have their annual camel races, A.K.A. barely controlled chaos.
99.9% of the American men bought one of those outfits, just for show. My hubby bought one and he had his photo taken in the store where he bought it. It's a kick.
His comment on the Saudis and Arabs alike: "They don't think like we do." Understatement!
Thank you kindly for your corrections and experiences.