(1) when an industry is required for national defense, and
Think of all the industries necessary to national defense that are wholly and mostly now outsourced overseas -- steel, rare earth metals, textiles, boots, even food stuffs, and more.
(2)when there is some internal tax placed on domestic industry which makes it more difficult to sell domestic products compared to foreign products.
Our whole domestic industry of labor is taxed at more than half its revenue in some form or other.
I would also add that Adam Smith was not an anarchist. He saw the need for government and lawyers but warned of excess of both.........................
Since most around equate, rightly or wrongly , Adam Smith with Free Trade I assumed you were in that category. He held up like some kind of God around here. I have mistakenly put you in that category.
Why we need tariffs to stop the offshoring until such time, if ever, we can turn back the income tax. It may never happen but the bleeding of manufacturing base MUST stop regardless of any root cause.