It may not be 100% coverage, but it does have a catastrophic out of pocket limit that is usually around 4 to 5 thousand per family. Additionally, work related illnesses and injuries should be covered under worker’s compensation.
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I think you are correct - and for the 911 compensation many of the illnesses can't be proven to be from WTC so are not treat as having happened in the line of duty. So that is why there is needed something to cover the gap. Again, nit an expert - just what I remember from reading the papers.